STP vs UTP for Video Surveillance Tutorial

By: Brian Rhodes, Published on Dec 20, 2017

For many video system designers, deciding which ethernet cabling to use is a quick decision: go with the cheapest. However, this overlooks the possibility cable, and the video it carries, needs extra protection against common electromagnetic interference.

STP vs UTP for Video Surveillance

Is the difference between cable types that significant? In this note, we examine shielded cable, look at how it can prevent video problems, and compare it to nonshielded alternatives.

Inside this note, we explain:

  • How Electrical Interference Affects Video Quality
  • What Shielded Cable Looks Like Compared To UTP
  • Physical Differences Between Cable Types
  • Other Names For STP
  • Typical STP vs UTP Costs
  • Use STP Against Common Sources of Interference
  • Practical Use Is Limited, But Axis Disagrees

One Of Many Cable Tutorial Series

This tutorial is one of a number IPVM has addressing the topic of cabling. Others include: Cat 5e vs. Cat 6 for IP Cameras, Cabling Best Practices Guide, Network Cable Testing Guide, Grounding and Bonding for Video Surveillance, and more.

*** **** ***** ****** designers, ******** ***** ******** cabling ** *** ** a ***** ********:** **** *** ********. *******, **** ********* the *********** *****, *** the ***** ** *******, needs ***** ********** ******* common *************** ************.

STP vs UTP for Video Surveillance

** *** ********** ******* cable ***** **** ***********? In **** ****, ** examine ******** *****, **** at *** ** *** prevent ***** ********, *** compare ** ** *********** alternatives.

****** **** ****, ** explain:

  • *** ********** ************ ******* Video *******
  • **** ******** ***** ***** Like ******** ** ***
  • ******** *********** ******* ***** Types
  • ***** ***** *** ***
  • ******* *** ** *** Costs
  • *** *** ******* ****** Sources ** ************
  • ********* *** ** *******, But **** *********

One ** **** ***** ******** ******

**** ******** ** *** of * ****** **** has ********** *** ***** of *******. ****** *******:*** ** **. *** 6 *** ** *******,******* **** ********* *****,******* ***** ******* *****,********* *** ******* *** Video ************, *** ****.

[***************]

Electrical ************ ******* ***** *******

** *** ***** ************ world, *** ******** ** often ** ******* *** NVRs, *** ****** ********* to *** ******* ** between. **** ***** ******* problems *****, ** *** be * *********** ******** to **** ****** *** tweak ********, **** ** discover ******** *** ***** present.

*******, ****** * **** look ** ******* *** resolve ********* ******. **** the ******* ** *** image *****:

emi impact on video

********** ************ ** *** cabling ****** ***** **** type ** *******. *** only **** *** ***** transmit ******** **** *******, but ** **** *** attract *** ******** ********* 'noise'. * ******** ***** can ***** ** ** 'ad-hoc *******' ***** ********* why ***** ********* ** sometimes ********.

'STP' ** ********** ***** *********

* ***** ******** ********** between *********** *** *** STP, ** '******** ******* pair' ******* ******* *** primary ***********. *** ***** below ***** *** ********** metallic **** ********* *********** wire ***** ** ***:

stp vs utp

'*********' ****** *** ** confused **** '***** *********' where * ****** ***** or ******** **** ** mesh ****** *** ****** bundle ** *****. ***** the ******** ** ************ wrap ***** ****** ***** wrap *** ****** ****** shares **** ** *** same ********, **** *** not ********** ** *** other *** ****** ** different ***********.

Other ***** *** ***

*** ****** ************ *** shielded ******* **** *****, 'STP', ** ********* ****** 'U/FTP' *** '**********/****-******** ******* pair' ** '*/***' *** 'Shielded/Foil-screened ******* ****' *******. Especially *** ********** ******* specifications, **** *** *** these ********* ************* ** describe ******** *******. *******, in ******* ***, *** 'STP' ************ ** **** widely ****.

Physical *********** ******* ***** *****

*** ********* **** ********** the ******** *********** ******* UTP *** ***.

  • ******** **** ******:* **** ***** ** foil, ******** ********, ********* wire *****. **** ***** is ***** ****** *** 'drain', *** **** ** properly **********. ******* ** adequately ****** *** ***** can ******* *** ******** that *** ******** ** mitigate.
  • ******* ******:*** ***** ****** ** foil ******** *** ****** add ******** ** *** cable ******. ** * result, * ******* ******* insulating ****** ** ******, which **** ********. *******, STP ** ******* *** thicker ******** ** ***, and *** ** **** difficult ** ******* ** a ******.
  • *****, **** ******, *** Groundwires:********* ** *** ***** manufacturer *** ***** ** STP, ***** ******** *** be ******* *** ******** found ** *** *******. This ******** ******* ******* 'core' ******, ******* ** aid ********* *** ******, and ********** ********** ********* wires. ***** ** ** outdoor ***** ***** **** a ****** **** **** separates *** ***** **** quadrants ****** *** ******.

outdoor rated cable with center core

STP ** *** ********** ***********

***** ********** ******** ******** provide *** **** ********** that *** **** *** possess.

  • *** **********:*** ******* ********* ** shielding ** ********** **** environmental*************** ************, ** ***. ******* each **** ** ************ wrapped, *** ******* *** ambient ************ ** ******** and ***** **** *** cable ** ************* ********* or **********.
  • ******** **** *****: ************ *** ** a '***-*** ******' ** that ********** ******* ** a ****** ****** ** interference. ** **** ************, like ********* ******* ******* or *************, ****** ******** cabling *** ** * uncontrolled ******* *** ************ that ****** ***** *********** off. *****, *** ******** of **** ********* ********* or ********** **** *******.

Cost **********

***** *** **** ******* $20 ** $** *** camera ******** ** *** cabling, ******** ***** **** of *** ****, ***** on *** ***** ***** ~40% **** **** *** and ********* ** *** much ********** ***** ** larger ******* ** ****** for *** ******, ******* and **** ***** ***.

Use *** ******* ****** ******* ** ************

******, *** ****** ** used ***** ************ ***** be * *******. ** firm ** ***** ***** places ******** *** *****, here *** **** ****** where ************ ***** ****** video *******:

******** ** **** ******* Wiring

***** ****** *** ********* with **** ************ **** run ******** ** ** too **** **** *****. Even ****** *** * compliant ******** ***** ****** a ******** ******* *** be * ****** ** video ************.

high voltage power causes emi

***** ** **** ************* exists *** **** ** use *** ** **** situation *** *****, **** practices ** **** ********** design ****** **** *** data ******* ******* *** same *******, ********** ** how ** ** ********* in*** ** *******, **** ** *** using *** *****.

**** ********* *******

**** ******* *** **** common ***************** ******** **** electric ******, ***** ************, magnetic *****, ** ********* can ********* *********** ***. Especially *** ********** **********, where ***** ******* *** common, ********* ***** **** is ** ********* **********.

inductive devices cause emi

***** ******* *** ************* by ***** '*********' **********, ** ***** reliance ** ******** ****** for *********. ***** ********* to ******* **** **** equipment, *********** ****, **** maglocks, ********** **********, *** industrial ********* *** ******** enough ************ ** ******* video *******.

*** *******/****** *******

****** *** ******* ************* radios ******* **** ************. While * ***** ******* may *** ** *********** enough ** ** * problem, ******** **** **** near **** ******* ********* or ************ ****** ** run ***** *** ** eliminate ********.

low powered communications equipment

**************** ********

*** ** *** ******* sources ** *** *** common ***** ********. ***** the ****** ********** ** ethernet ****** ******* ******** of ***** ********, ** cabling ****** ** *** in ****** ***** ***** on*******, ** ****** ** run ***** *** *****.

fluorescent light fixtures

**** *****, ***** *** many ********* ***** ******** 'installed ** ******' ** to ** **** *** video. ** **** *****, cabling ********** ********* ** the ****** ** ***** quality ******** **** ****** unfixed ***** *** ***** network ** *********.

Practical *** ** *******

** *** **********, *** vast ******** ** *** surveillance ******** ******* *** been *** ***** ***, and ** **** ** significant ****** ** ******. Since ********** ******** **** the *********** ****** ** imperatively ************ ** ********** and ********** ****** "**** *********", ** ** ********* suitable *** ***** ******* design.

Axis: ********* *** *** ********

******** ***** **** ************** declared *** ** *** mandatory *** ******* ******* per ************ **********:

"*** ************** ** ** deploy ** *** ******* cable ** ********* ********** environments. ******** ** ********* indoor ************ *** ***** the ******* ***** ** located ** ******** **** electrical ***** ****** ****** or ***** ***** ********* loads **** ** ****** or ********** *** ** close ******** ** *** camera ** *** *****.It ** **** ********* to use an STP cable where the camera is used outdoors or where the network cable is routed outdoors."

**** ** * **** statement ***** ****~**% ** *** ******* are ********* *******. ********* ****' ************** may ***** * *********** increase ** ******* ******* cost *** ** ****** overkill ******** ** ****** problems *****.

******, *** ********** ********* with *** *********** *********** of ***. *** ******** use ** *** ** where ******** ** *** in *** '**** ****' areas ********** *****.

Test **** *********

***** ****** **** * * questions ****

[****: **** ******** *** originally ********* ** **** and ************* ******* ** 2017]

Comments (23)

Undisclosed Manufacturer #1

12/20/17 04:44pm

******* ************** ******** ******** *** ********* *** ********* * *** of *** ****** **** ** *** ***** **** ****.******* *** ****** ************ **** ****** ********* *** **** ********* in *** ********** ******* ********. ** **** *** ******** **** them, **** *** ***** ******** ***.

************* * *** ** *** ****** ******** **** *** ******** transitioned **** ****** ******* ** ** *******. ************* **** ********* that ****** *** **-*, **** *** **** *** ***/*** *******. Performance ************ ** *** ****** ******** *** **** **** ********, compared ** *********** **** ********. ******** ********, *********** **********, **** field ************, *** ********** ** **** **** *************.

***** * ********** *** ******** ** ** *** ******* ******, I ***'* ******* **'* ********* *** *** ******* *******. *** components *** *** **** ******, *** **** ***** ********* ** install. **'* *** **** *** *****, *** *** ***** ******, jacks, *** ***** ***** ** ****. **** **** *** ********** expense **** ******** ** * ******** ******** *** ************.

** **** ** ** ****. ***** ******** ******** *** ****** delivery. ** *** ******* ** *** ***** *** ******** *** other ******** ********** ******** ** ****** ****** ******** ** ******** traffic *****, *** ** *** ******* ***'* ********* *********** ****** the ************** **'* * **** ***** ** ****.

Undisclosed Manufacturer #4

In reply to Undisclosed Manufacturer #1 | 12/21/17 08:34pm

**'* *** **** *** *****, *** *** ***** ******, *****, and ***** ***** ** ****. **** **** *** ********** ******* when ******** ** * ******** ******** *** ************.

*******, *** ** **** ** ********* ******* *** ***** **** be ******** ******** ** *** ********* *** **** ** ** antenna - ******** ********* ** *** *** ***** ***** ********** than **** ******* *** *******, ****** ***.

Undisclosed #3

In reply to Undisclosed Manufacturer #4 | 12/21/17 11:17pm

...*** ***** **** ** ******** ******** ** *** ********* *** work ** ** ******* - ******** ********* ** *** *** cause ***** **********...

*** **** ** *** ****** **** ** *** *****, *****?

Undisclosed Manufacturer #4

In reply to Undisclosed #3 | 12/27/17 10:20pm

***, ** * ********** ** (*** * ** ** ***** expert) ********* ** *** ******, ** ***** ***** **** ** all **** ** ********. ********* **** ***** *** ***** ****** loops *** ***** **** ** ** ** *****-***** *********** ***** don't ********* **** **** ******** **************. ****** **** **** ** is ****** ** ***** ****** ***** ********** ** *** ** through *** ***** **** ** ********* *** **** ***?

Avatar

Brian Rhodes

IPVMU Certified | In reply to Undisclosed Manufacturer #4 | 12/29/17 04:35pm

********* ** **** ** *** *** ****, ******** *** ******** end "***** ****** ** ******" ***** ****** ********* ** ************.

*** *******, **** (******) ****** ************* ******* ********* ** *** reader, *** *** **********, ** ******. **** ****** *************, ********** PTZs, ******* ****** **** ** *** *********.

** *******, *** ****** ** **** ******** ** **** ** the ****** ****, *** *** ** **** ***** ******* ********** earth ******.

** ** ***, ** *** ******** * **** **** ***** at *** ** *** ****** *************. ** **** ******* *** and *** ********* ******* ** **** ***** *** ** *** what *********** *** ** ****. **** *** **** **** *****!

Avatar

Brian Rhodes

IPVMU Certified | 12/20/17 04:54pm

****** *** *** *******. ** ***** ** ***** ***** ********** and *************** ** ******** *** ** ***** ************ ******** ** ********** ******, *** *** '**** *********' ****** ** useful.

********** ****** *** ** **** * **** ** *********** ** *** ***** *** *** ** **** **** ** is.

Undisclosed #3

In reply to Brian Rhodes | 12/21/17 08:24am

********** ****** *** ** **** * **** ** *** ****...

**** ***’* *********’*****:

Undisclosed Manufacturer #1

12/20/17 05:00pm

****** *****. *'** **** * ***** **** *** **** ** years... ***** ********... ***** ************. ******... ***** ********* ****** **** a **** ** *** **** ** * ********* ****** ** nothing ****. ***** *********!

Avatar

Brian Rhodes

IPVMU Certified | In reply to Undisclosed Manufacturer #1 | 12/20/17 05:03pm

**** = "****** **** **** ****"

Undisclosed Manufacturer #2

12/21/17 07:44am

***** **** ********* **** **** *** **** **** ****** ******* is ******* ** *** ***** ******* ** **** ****** *********. Not **** *** ****** ** ** ***** ** ********* ** keep ** **** ***** ********** ****. ******* **** **** ** running ***** ** ********* **** ***** **** ** *****. ********* inside *******.

Undisclosed Manufacturer #2

12/21/17 07:52am

******* ** **** ** ** ***** **** *** ********** ********** runs ***** *** *** ******* **** **** * ******** ********** to ****** *** **** *** **** *******. ** **** ***** the *** ******* *** ** **** ****** **% ******. ** if ***** ** * ******* ** *** *** ** *** time. ** **** **** ** *** **** ********* *****. **** expensive ** ***** **** *** **** *****.

* **** **** ******** *********** *** *** ***** *** ***** house ** *** *** *** *** ******* ************** **** **** can ***** ***** ******* ******* **** *** **********/********** **** *** all *** **** **** **-*****.

Dennis Ruban

12/24/17 06:24am

**** **** ** ****** ** ****** ****** ***** ** ****, like *** ** ***, ***. ** *******, ** ***** *** talking ***** *** ** *****. ** *** **** ****, **, 7 *** **** ******, *** **** ******* ******** ** ****.

**** * ***** ** ******, * *******, **** **** ** the ********** ***** ***** ***** **** ***** ***** (*** ** the **** ***) *** **** ******* **** ***** ** * cable *** ******* *** **** ** *** *******

Undisclosed #3

12/24/17 08:40am

***** ***** *** ***

***, *** *** ** **** *** ***** *** **** ********* instead ** ‘***’ *********** *** **** ********* ****:

Undisclosed Integrator #5

12/28/17 04:40pm

***** ** ** ************* ***** ****** *******?

** *'* ***** * ** ***** **** ******, **** * use ** *** ***** ** ******* *******?

Avatar

Brian Rhodes

IPVMU Certified | In reply to Undisclosed Integrator #5 | 12/28/17 04:54pm

*******, ****** *** *** ********.

******* '*********' ******** ******* ******* (***) *********** **** ****** (****** loss), *** ********** ** *** *** ***** ******* ** **** as ** ** *** ***** *** ******.

** * ***** ** ************, **** ***** ** ******** ** design, *** *** ************* ** *** ****** *********** ** ****** loss. *******/**** ***** ********* (**: ***) ****** ******* (**: ****) results ** **** **** **** *** ****** ** ***** ****.

** *** **** ** *******-****/****** **** *** ********, ********* ***** reduce ****** ****, ******** *** **** *** **** ** ******* to ***** **** **** *****.

Undisclosed #3

In reply to Brian Rhodes | 12/28/17 05:14pm

******* '*********' ******** ******* ******* (***) *********** **** ****** (****** loss), *** ********** ** *** *** ***** ******* ** **** as ** ** *** ***** *** ******.

** ***** **** * *********** ***********, * ***** ***** *** opposite, ** *** ** ***** ******* ** *********.

**** ******,******** **** ***** *** *** **** *** *****, *** ** not ******** *** ** ******-****-*************** ******* ** *** ******* ** ********.

**** *******, **** *** ***** **** ***** ** **** *** will ******* ** *********/********* ** *** ******** ** ** ***** varying ******* ****** **** *’* *** *’*. **’* **** *** extreme ***** **** ********* ** * ******* ******.

****.

*****: ** *******, *’* ****** **** *** ****** ** *** on *** ****** ****** ******* ** ** ********* ** **** of *** ******. *** **** *** ****** ******* ******* ******* as ****.

Avatar

Brian Rhodes

IPVMU Certified | In reply to Undisclosed #3 | 12/28/17 06:20pm

* ** ****** **** ** ****** ** ****** ************ - signal **** - ***** **** **** ****** *** ** **** important ** ******* ***** ****** **** ***** *******.

****** ** **** ** ****** *** ******** ***** ******* *** impacts. ********* ***** ******* **** ****.

Undisclosed Manufacturer #1

12/28/17 05:17pm

********* ***** ******* *** (********** ******** ************). ****** **** ** caused ** *********** (**** ** *** ****** ******** ******* *** length ** *** ************ *****). **** ** ***** ** **** or *** *****, **** ** ***** ********** **** **** ****.

*** ***** **** ** ******* ******* ******* *** ********** **** UTP *****, ********** ** ***** ********* (******* ** ********). ***** twist ******* ****-**-**** *****-****, ***** ** ****** ******* ******* *** pairs ****** *** ***** ******. *********** *** ** ******* ** using * ******* ***** ****. *******, ** ***** **** **** have **** *********** **** ** ***** **** ******* ** **'* electrical **********. **** **** *** *** *****, **** ******** *** 24 ** *** **** *** ** **. **** ** ********* found ** ******** * ***** ***** *** ****** ****.

**** ** * ***** ****** *** ****** ******* ******* ** its ****** ****** *** *** ******** **** ** **'* *********. The ********* ****** *** *** **** ** *** ********, ***** path ****, **** ******, *** **** *** ****** ************. *** with ****** *** **** ***** **** ** ***** ***** *******, and ******* * ****** ************** ******* **** ** ** ****** connectivity.

*'* *** *********** **** *****, **** ****** ****** **** *** weeds.

Chad Rohde

In reply to Undisclosed Manufacturer #1 | 12/28/17 10:42pm

*** **** ****** *** **** ***** **** ** ***** ***** comings, *** ******* * ****** ************** ******* **** ** ** camera ************.

* **** ********* ***** *** **** *** ** *********** **** STP **** ***** ******. * ***'* ******** ** ** *** a ********** ****** ** *** ********* ****** **. ** **** done ** **** **** ******* * ******* ** *** ****.

Undisclosed Manufacturer #1

In reply to Chad Rohde | 12/28/17 10:52pm

******* **** ** ** ********. ** *** ******* *** *** grounded ********, **** *********** ****** ******** *** *** **** ** where ** **. **** ***** ** *** **** ****** *** recommendation *** ****. **** * *****.

Chad Rohde

In reply to Undisclosed Manufacturer #1 | 12/28/17 11:14pm

** *** ********* ** **** ******. *** **** ***** *** lines ** ******* **** **** ** **** ************, *** **** an ******* ******.

****** ***, *** *** ***** ** **** *** *** ******, the ****** ***** *** ********.

Chad Rohde

12/28/17 11:00pm

****** * **** ******** ***** *****, **** *********, *** **** shielded ** ********** ***** **** *****, * ****** *** * company ***** * *** ** *** **** ******. ** ***** run **** ******** ***** **** ** *** ****, *****, ** the **** ***' ***. ******* **** ** **, ** ** surprising **** ** ***** ****** *** ******** ***** **** *** horrible *********** ** ******* ***** **** ********* ***** ******** ** us.

*** **** *** *** **** ***** ******* * *** ***** of ********** ************ ** *** ****** **/** *********** **** *****.

**** *** ****** ***** * **** ** **** *** ***** others **** ***** ******** ********. *'* *** **** ** * book ******.

Chad Rohde

12/28/17 11:30pm

**** ********* *** *** ******** ** **** **** ****** ****** to ******* ***** *********. *** ** **** ********** ************. ******* provides **** **** ***** ** ****** **** ******* ******* ** this *******. **'* ******** ** ************* ******, *** ***** ******** for ******* ****** ****. *** ****** ** ****** ***** **********.

****** **** ******, ***, ** ****** ********* ****** **** **** the ******** **** ********* **** **** **** ******** ***** ****** you ******* * ********* ****** **** **** ** ** **** resistance *** ******* *** ** ****** **** **** ******** ***** - ***** ******* *****

Login to read this IPVM report.
Why do I need to log in?
IPVM conducts unique testing and research funded by member's payments enabling us to offer the most independent, accurate and in-depth information.

Related Reports

Access Control Job Walk Guide on May 22, 2019
Significant money can be saved and problems avoided with an access control job walk if you know what to look for and what to ask. By inviting...
LifeSafety Power NetLink Vulnerabilities And Problematic Response on May 20, 2019
'Power supplies' are not devices that many think about when considering vulnerabilities but as more and more devices go 'online', the risks for...
Maglock Selection Guide on May 16, 2019
One of the most misunderstood yet valuable pieces of electrified hardware is the maglock. Few locks are stronger, but myths and confusion surround...
Access Control Request to Exit (RTE) Tutorial on May 13, 2019
For access controlled doors, especially those with maglocks, 'Request to Exit', or 'RTE' devices are required to override electrified locks to...
Dahua ePoE Long Distance UTP / Coax Tested on May 03, 2019
Dahua's Enhanced PoE (ePoE) line is claiming extended video and power transmission over 600m without repeaters, with devices interchangeable via...
Registration Closed - Spring 2019 IP Networking Course on May 02, 2019
Register now for the Spring 2019 IP Networking course here - Closed. Last chance now.   This is the only networking course designed specifically...
Subnetting for Video Surveillance on Apr 30, 2019
This guide explains when subnetting is used on security networks, and how it works. We explain how to add or remove IP addresses to your range,...
Locking Down Network Connections Guide on Apr 23, 2019
Accidents and inside attacks are risks when network connections are not locked down. Security and video surveillance systems should be protected...
Access Control Course Spring 2019 - Last Chance on Apr 19, 2019
 Register for the Spring 2019 Access Control Course----Closed IPVM offers the most comprehensive access control course in the industry. Unlike...
Riser vs Plenum Cabling Explained on Apr 18, 2019
You could be spending twice as much for cable as you need. The difference between 'plenum' rated cable and 'riser' rated cable is subtle, but the...

Most Recent Industry Reports

Verkada Video Quality Problems Tested on May 23, 2019
Verkada suffers from numerous video quality problems, not found in commercial IP cameras, new IPVM testing of Verkada vs Axis and Hikvision...
Average Frame Rate Video Surveillance 2019 on May 23, 2019
What is the average frame rated used in video surveillance systems? In IPVM's 2011 statistics, the average was 6-8fps increasing to ~10fps in...
Access Control Job Walk Guide on May 22, 2019
Significant money can be saved and problems avoided with an access control job walk if you know what to look for and what to ask. By inviting...
US Considers Sanctions Against Hikvision and Dahua on May 22, 2019
The US government is considering blacklisting "up to 5" PRC surveillance firms, including Hikvision and Dahua, Bloomberg reported, with human...
Dahua USA Celebrates 5 Years of Errors on May 21, 2019
Dahua USA is, in their own words, 'celebrating' 5 years in North America or as trade magazine SSN declared: Dahua Technology finds success in...
Axis ~$150 Outdoor Camera Tested on May 21, 2019
Axis has released the latest in their Companion camera line, the outdoor Companion Dome Mini LE, a 1080p integrated IR model aiming to compete with...
Covert Facial Recognition Using Axis and Amazon By NYTimes on May 20, 2019
What if you took a 33MP Axis camera covering one of the busiest parks in the US and ran Amazon Facial Recognition against it? That is what the...
Amazon Ring Public Subsidy Program Aims To Dominate Residential Security on May 20, 2019
Amazon dominates market after market. Quitely, but increasingly, they are doing so in residential security, through a combination of significant...
LifeSafety Power NetLink Vulnerabilities And Problematic Response on May 20, 2019
'Power supplies' are not devices that many think about when considering vulnerabilities but as more and more devices go 'online', the risks for...

The world's leading video surveillance information source, IPVM provides the best reporting, testing and training for 10,000+ members globally. Dedicated to independent and objective information, we uniquely refuse any and all advertisements, sponsorship and consulting from manufacturers.

About | FAQ | Contact