The PPF / PPM Video Surveillance Guide

Author: IPVM Team, Published on Dec 23, 2016

Pixels per foot / Pixels per meter is the most fundamental and valuable, though imperfect, metric for specifying video surveillance image quality.

In a single number, this metric (e.g., 10ppf, 40ppf, 100ppf) conveys important information about what the projected quality that a camera can provide.

The image below, taken from our Camera Calculator, demonstrates examples of common pixel per foot (ppf) levels:

PPF Established Metric

PPF has become a critical established metric for several reasons:

  • Broad camera manufacturer support: Most major manufacturers use this metric.
  • Common A&E specifications: Architects and engineers who plan large projects regularly use PPF / PPM as the basis for their designs and surveillance plans.
  • Need for Something: With so many resolution options today (from 1MP to 12MP and beyond), the old metrics which used percentage of screen covered make no sense. PPF has filled this void.

The Goal of PPF

PPF is a single metric (e.g., 10, 50, 90, etc.) that when specified should deliver a specific level of quality. For example, the parking lot camera must deliver 50 PPF. Instead of guessing or just specifying more resolution, using this metric should enable selection of the ‘right’ resolution for the scene. The final image, following the PPF metric, will then deliver a predictable level of quality.

PPF Problems

Alas, PPF suffers from many problems that must be factored in:

  • Assumes even lighting and ignores the impact of bright sunlight
  • Assumes day time lighting and ignores the impact of night time / low light viewing
  • Disregards differences in lenses and compression
  • Disregards that image quality needs are subjective and debatable
  • Fails to specify related and critical metrics to complement PPF

Despite this, PPF does have value for estimation and planning. It just cannot be used blindly or simplistically. Inside the PRO Member’s section, we explain:

  • How to calculate PPF
  • How to recognize PPF limitations and make adjustments
  • How to best use PPF productively

****** *** **** / ****** *** ***** ** *** **** fundamental *** ********, ****** *********, ****** *** ********** ***** ************ image *******.

** * ****** ******, **** ****** (*.*., *****, *****, ******) conveys ********* *********** ***** **** *** ********* ******* **** * camera *** *******.

*** ***** *****, ***** **** ********* **********, ************ ******** ** ****** ***** *** **** (***) ******:

PPF *********** ******

*** *** ****** * ******** *********** ****** *** ******* *******:

  • ***** ****** ************ *******: **** ***** ************* *** **** ******.
  • ****** *&* **************: ********** *** ********* *** **** ***** ******** ********* *** PPF / *** ** *** ***** *** ***** ******* *** surveillance *****.
  • **** *** *********: **** ** **** ********** ******* ***** (**** *** ** 12MP *** ******), *** *** ******* ***** ************** ** ****** *********** ** *****. *** *** ****** **** ****.

The **** ** ***

*** ** * ****** ****** (*.*., **, **, **, ***.) that **** ********* ****** ******* * ******** ***** ** *******. For *******, *** ******* *** ****** **** ******* ** ***. Instead ** ******** ** **** ********** **** **********, ***** **** metric ****** ****** ********* ** *** ‘*****’ ********** *** *** scene. *** ***** *****, ********* *** *** ******, **** **** deliver * *********** ***** ** *******.

PPF ********

****, *** ******* **** **** ******** **** **** ** ******** in:

  • ******* **** ******** *** ******* *** ****** ** ****** ********
  • ******* *** **** ******** *** ******* *** ****** ** ***** time / *** ***** *******
  • ********** *********** ** ****** *** ***********
  • ********** **** ***** ******* ***** *** ********** *** *********
  • ***** ** ******* ******* *** ******** ******* ** ********** ***

******* ****, *** **** **** ***** *** ********** *** ********. It **** ****** ** **** ******* ** **************. ****** *** PRO ******’* *******, ** *******:

  • *** ** ********* ***
  • *** ** ********* *** *********** *** **** ***********
  • *** ** **** *** *** ************

[***************]

Key ***************

**** ** ****:

  • *** ** *** **** *** **** *******. *** *** ******* yourself ** *** ***** * ****** ****** *** *** ***** to ********** ********* ** ******* ** ***** ******* ****** ********** and ******.
  • ********** *** *** *********** ** **** ** *** *** ***** mistakes.
  • *** *** ** * ******** ** *** * ***** ** potential *********** **** ****** *** ******** **** ********.
  • *** *** ****** ***** ********* ******* ****** **/*/*** ** ***** surveillance.
  • *********** *********** *** *** ****** ************.
  • ** *** ************ ** ******* ********* *** ***** ***** **** in **************. *******, ******* ********** *** *** ****** ********** (***, low ***** ***********, ***.)

PPF ** ***

****, ** *** *** ********** **** ******, *** ********* *** metric **********, ****** *** ***** (***), ** ****. *******, *** is ******** ****, **** ** **** ******* ************ ** *** metric ******.

*** *********, *** ***** ***** ***** **** ******** *** ****** for **********. **** **** ******* ****** ************** ******** ****** ************, ** ******** ** ******** / ***.

How ** ********* ***** *******

*********** ***** ******* ******* ** *** ******/*******:

  • *** ****** ** ********** ****** ** * ***** ****/******
  • *** ***** ** *** *** ** *** ****** ** *** point ** ********

Horizontal ***** *****

** ******* ** ******** ******** *** ********** ***** ***** *** do *** ******* ** **** *** ******** *** *** ******* resolution. *** ********, * **** ****** *** * ***** ********** of *** (*********** *.***) *** *** ********** ***** ***** ** 1280 *** *** ******** ***** ***** ** ***, **** ******** described ** **** * ***. ** ** *** ***** ****** in **** ****, *** ****, **** ****** *** ********* ***.

**** *** ********** ***** ****** *** ****** ***********:

**** **** ** ******** **** ** **** *** ***** ***********.

Selecting *** *****

*** ****** **** ** *** *********** ** *** **** * Field ** **** *** ***** ** *****. *** ***** ***** shows * ****** ******** *** ********* *** ***, ****** ******* across ** *** ***** ** ********, **** *** **** *****:

*********** *** ***** ** *** *** *** ** ******** *** larger, **** *****, **** ** ******* **** ** ******. *** instance, *** ********* ***** ***** *** ********* *** ****** *** covering * ******* ***/*****.

**** ** ***** **** *** ** '*****', *** ** ******* on ******** *******.

  • ** ***** ******* ***** *** ****?** ******* ****** ** ******* ** *** ***** ** **** one, ****** ** *** **** ** *** ****** *****, ** may ** ****** ** *** *** ******** ***' *** *** calculations. ** ***** ** ** ***** ********, *** ***' *** need ** ** ****.
  • **** ********** *********** *** *****?** ****** ********* ** ******* ** ***********, ** **** **** this ** **** **** ********* ****. **** *** ** *** if ***** *** ***** ****** *** ********, ***** *** ********* limited ** *****. *** ** ** ** **** ******* *** be ****, ***** **** *** ********.

** ***** ** *** ***********, ** ********* ***** ***** ****, so **** *** ** *** ************* **** ***.

PPF *******

**** *** **** ********** *** ********** ****** ** *** ****** chosen *** ******** **** *** *****, *** ** ****** ********.

**** *** * *** ********:

  • *** *** ***** * **** ****** ** ***** * ** foot **** ********: *** = *** ******* ********** ***** ***** is **** *** *** ***** = ** (*.*., **** / 10).
  • *** **** * *** ****** ******** * *** **** **** parking ***: *** = ~** ******* ********** ***** ***** ** 2592 *** *** ***** = *** (*.*., **** / ***).
  • * ***** ****** ** ********** * ** **** **** ******* entrance: *** = ** ******* ********** ***** ***** ** **** and *** ***** = ** (*.*., **** / **).

PPF ********* ** *** ***** *** ******** **** ****** *********

******* ** *** **** * '******' ***. **** *** *** is ******* ** *** *** *** ******* ** ******** ** from *** ******. *** ********, ***** ******* ****** **********, ** *** ***** **** * ******'* ***, ***** ***** PPF ** **** *****. ** *** *** **** *** ********* as ** ******** *** ****** ** ** ***, *** ******* the ****** ** ******* *********, ** ***, ***, ** *** PPF.

******* *********, *** *** ***** ********* ** ** ***** *** FOV, **** *****. ******** *** ****** ** *** *** *****, we *** *** *** ********, *********** ** ***.

*** *** *** **** *** ******** ** ******* ****** **********.

Fisheye ***** ** **** ******

*******, ****** ** ***** ** **** ***** **** ***** ******* panoramic ******, ** *** ***** ************, **** ****** **** ******** cameras.

***** *** (*) *** ******* ** ** *******, *** * fisheye ********* (*** ****) *** *** ***** ***** * ~**° HFoV. ******* *** **** ** *** ** ******** ** **** away **** **** ******:

  • **** * *** *********, ** ** **** **** **** *** camera, *** *** ** ~**
  • **** * *** '************' **° ****, ** ** **** **** from *** ******, *** *** ** ~***

**** ** * ******* ********* **********. ***** *** ********* *** see ** '***' **********, ** *** *********, ** ** **** away, ****** **** **** **** ***** (**** **** ********). ** contrast, *** '************' **** **** ******* **** ******** ******* ****** though ****** * **** ******** ****.

*** *** **************** ********* ****** *********** **** *******.

Recognizing *** ***********

**** ***** *********** ***, ***** *** ******* ****** ***** ****** the ********* ******* ** ****** *********. *****, ** ******:

  • *** ****** ** ****** ******** / **** ******* ******
  • *** ***** / ***** **** *******
  • *********** / ***** ******* ******* ******
  • **** ******* ***********
  • ********** ***** ******* ************
  • ************* ******* ** ***

Wide ******* ***** ***********

*** ******* *** ****** *** *** **** *** *** ********* power *** **** *************. *** ******* ** ****** ****** ********* / ******** ** * *** *******. ** *** ***** *****, both ******* **** *** **** **********, ***** *** **** *** and *** ***** ** *** **** ****:

*******, *** ***** ** *** ***** ***** **** ** *** twice *** *** ***** ** *** *****. ****** *** *** is *** ****, *** ****** ** *** ***** *** *** stronger *** **** ********* ***.

**** ** ** ***** **** ** ****** **** **** ******** variations ** ***** ******. ** *** ***** *****, **** * has * ***** *** **** **** * *** **** * clearly ******** **** ***** ****** ******* **** * ** ** a ****** **** **** *** ****** ********* ** ****** ***********.

variances lighting

*** ****** ******** ******* **** *********** ** **** ******* ***** *** ***** *******.

Low ***** ***********

**** ** **** ********** *** *****, ** **** ** ****,****** ********* **** ****************, **** ******* ***** ******** ***** *******. **** *** ** seen ** *** ****** ** ****** *****, ******* *** ******* in *** **** **** **** *** ****** ** ******* ***** from *** ** *****, **** ***** ****** ******** ** ~*,***** on *** ****, *** ***** *** ** *** *****.

******* *** ***** *** ***** '****' ** ******* *********, **** the **** ******* ******* ***** ******* *** ******* **** ***** than ****** *** ***. *******, ************ *** ********** ****** ***** make **** ******** ********** *****.

** *** ****** **********, ** ******* ******* ***** ** **** world *** *** ***** ****** ** **** **** **********, **** PPF ********* ** **** **** ** ***** ****** ***** *******' parameters.

Differences ** ***********

******* *** ********* ******* **** *** ** *********** ***** ********. Even ** *** **** ********** *** *** **** ***** *** used, *** ****** ** *********** *** **** *******. ***** ************ that:

** ***** **** ***** *'* *** ** *** ***** **** image *, *** **** ** *** *** ****. *** *** less *** **** ***** * *** **** ** *** *** case. **** ****** *** ***** **** *** **** ******, **** the **** ********** ***** ********* *********** ** ***** *.

****** ** *** ********* *********, ************* *** **** ********* ******* compression ********, ** **** ** ********* *********** *** ***** ******* quality ******. ******* ****** *** ***** ****** ************ *********** ************* ******* ** ***** ******** *** ************ *****.

***** ****** ** ******* ** ***** *********** ****** ********** ************* ********* ** ***** ***** ******** ******. *** ******** ******* / *********** *********** **** ******* ** *********** *** *** *******.

Lens ***********

**** ***** **** **** ******* *** **** * **** ********** in ***** *******, ********** ** *** ****** ********. *******, ** our *****, **** ******* ** ****** * ***** *******, ******* fine ******* *********** ***** *** *********** ** **** ******. ***** factors, **** ***-****,******, *** ********** ************ *** *** **** ****** ** ****** image *******.

Subjective ***** *******

******* *** **** ********** ******* ** *** ** *** ********** the '*****' ******* ***** *** **. **** ** '****** ** in *** *** ** *** ********', *** ********** ****** *** think * ***** ******* ***** ** **** ****** ** '********' a *******, *** ******* *** ******* ************* **** ****** ** target *** ********.

*** *******: * ******** ***** ** ****** * ***** *******. Which ** *** ***** *** ****** ***** ** *****?

***** **** ** **** **** ****** ******* *** *** ** them **** ** ***** ** *******, **** ***** ****** *** 18 ** ** *** ******, ** **** **** **** **** just * ****** '****', **** **** **** ***** *******.

*** **** ********* ******** ****** **** ******** ******* *** **** pixels *** ****** ** ******** * ******** ******. ******* *** images *****:

**** ****** **** *** *** ~** *** ** *** **** is *** ***** *** **** **** **** * '*******' *****. Others **** **** ** **** ******, ********** ** *** ****** is *****, **** ** ** ******** ** ********.

********** ** **** ** '******' ****** ** ******, *** ***** to ****** **** *** ***** / ******** ***** **** **** think ** **********.

Related / ******** *******

**** ********** *******, *** ***** **** *** ******* ****** *********** to ******** ****** *******, ******* ** ********* ** *********. **** using ***, ******* ******* **** ** ****:

  • ***** ** **** *****: ***** ************** **** ** ****** *** *** *** *** needs ** **, ********* **** * *** ******. **** *** create ********* ** **** **** *** ******** ** ***** **** than ******. *******, ************ ***** *** ****, *.*., ** *** at ** ****, ***.
  • ******** ** ******: ******* *** *** *** ****** ***** ** ******* *** given *** ******* **** ********* ** **** ** *** ***** of *** ***. ********, *** ******* **** **** *** ****** one ****, *** ***** *** ***.
  • ***** ** *********: *******, ********** ** *** ****** ** ******, ** *** camera ****** *** ******* ********** ** ************, *** **** **** key ******* **** ***** ** ******* ***** **********. ** ********* ****** ** ***** ***********, ** ********** **** **° ** **** ** ***** *** proper ****** ******.

FOV **** **********

******* ** ********* ** ********** ***** ********* ******* **** **********, PPF ********* *** ****** ****** *** ******* *****. *** *******, in ***** **' **** ** ****, * ***** ****** **** provide ~******, **** **** ****** ****** *** * **** ******* day **** *****. ** ********, ** *** **** ***** ** SD ******, ** *** *** **** ***, *** ***** **** to ***** **** *** ***** ** * **** **** - a **% ********.

** *** ****** **** ****, *** **** ********* ****** *** performance ********* **** ** *** ******'* *** ***** *** *** performance. ********, ***** ******* **** ***** ******* **** ****** ******** and *** ***** *** *** **** ****** ** ****** ******** a '****** *** *****'.

****** **** **** *********

*******, ***** **-** **** **** ****, *** ********* ******* **** trickier. ****** ** **** ***** ** * *** ****** **** increases *** ********** ***** ***** ********, ~**%. ******* ***********, ********* low ***** *** *** *********** ** *** ******* *** ***** than ***** ****.

** ******* ***** ********** *** *** ***** ***** ** ** can ****** ******** ** *** ***. *** ********, ***'* *** you **** ***** ****** * *** **** **** ****. ** do **, *** **** **** **** ********** ******. * ****** 14MP ****** *********** **** (** ** *** ~**** ********** ******) as ***** (*) *** *******. *** **** ******** ***** ***** be (*) ***** *******. ***** *** ***** *** ** ******** less (****), *** ******* ******* *** ** ******** ** ***, low *****, ***** ****, ***** ******* *******, ***.

PPF ********** ******* ** *************

**** *** **** ** ****, *** ****** ******* ** ************ PPF **********.********:***** ******* ****** ******, **** ******** *** ** *** ****** in *** ****** ** ****** ******** ** **** ****** ********, which ** ****** ************.

****** **********:

  • **** ******* / *********** ****** *** ******* ******: ************* ******* between ** *** *** ***. **** ** ***** **********, ** is ******** ** ******* ***** *********** *******, ********** ** ******* plates. ** ********, *** ** ****** ******** ****** ******** ** very **** ** **** **** ******* **** ** *******, **** as *** ****** ******* ** ********.
  • ******** ******* / ****** *** **** ** ****** (******, ***) is ***** *** *** *** *********** *******: ************* ********* ********* between ** *** ** ***. **** ** ****** ********* ** long ** ******** ** *****.
  • *** ******* / ********* ****: ************* ******* * - ** PPF. ** *******, ******* ** **** *****, ** *** ** very **** ** **** ******* *** ****** *** ******* **** that **** *** ***** ** ** *** *** ******* *********. Of ******, **** **** ******** ***** ********. *** ** ***, if *** **** **** **** ** ***, *** *** ****** likely ** **** *******. *******, **** ********* ******* **** * few *** ** ********, ** *** ***** ** ****.

[****: **** ***** *** ********** ******* ** **** *** *** revised ** ******** **** ** ******** ******* ***** *** ******* better ******** **** *** **** ****** **********.]

Comments (8)

Undisclosed #1

12/23/16 04:01pm

*******, ** *** *****, **** ******* ** ****** * ***** concern, ******* **** ******* *********** ***** *** *********** ** **** lenses...

*** ***** **** * ******** **** ** ****** *** ***** effect ** ******** ***? **** ***** **** ********* **** ** certain ***** ***** ***** ** *********** ***********,* ***** **** ** **** ****** *** **** *****.

**** **** ****** ***** ******* **********, ****** *** ****** ** have ****** ***.

Thumbnail profile pic

Ethan Ace

IPVM | In reply to Undisclosed #1 | 12/23/16 04:24pm

*** ***** * **** *****. **'** *** **** **** ***** long ****** *** *******.

Thumbnail img 9282

Gavin Botha

12/24/16 03:26am

***** *******.

James Drymiller

12/31/16 09:24pm

****, ** *** *** ********** **** ******, *** ********* *** metric **********, ****** *** ***** (***), ** ****. *******, *** is ******** ****, **** ** **** ******* ************ ** *** metric ******.

**** **** *** ******** ***-****** ******* ******* **.

******* ***** **** '********' ******* *** **** * ******, ***** are **** * ********* ** *** ***** *** ***** *** metric ******. *** **** ** ******* ** ***** ** *******, it's *** *** **** *** *** *********** ** ****. ** I *** *** (****) ** ******* ** *** ****** ***. As '********'******** ***** ************ *********** ******, **** ******** *** **** *********, testing *** ******** *** **,***+ ***************'[** ******** ** *** ***** ** ****], *** *** *** serving? **** ** *** **** ***** *********** ****?

*** ***, '*** ** ******** ****, **** ** **** ******* standardized ** *** ****** ******. * ****** **** *** **** that ******* **? **** ***********,****** ** ****, ***** *** ****** ** ******* *** ** what ** *** ***** ***?

*** ** ******** ********* ** ********* *** ********** (****) *** a **** *********** ***** ** *** ******* ** ****** ******* in *** *** ** *****://***.****.***/*****/*******/*****/*********/***/***/******/*****.***

****** *** **** ************* *** ***** *** ****.

John Honovich

IPVM | In reply to James Drymiller | 01/01/17 01:03am

*****,

*** ********** *** **** ********* ****** *** ******** ****** *** country *** **** ******* ********** ** ****** *** ***** ********* who *** ******.

** **** *** ** ********** ** *** ****** ** **** as *** *** *** ******** / ******** ***** *** *** Year's *** ****** *** ****.

John Honovich

IPVM | In reply to John Honovich | 01/06/17 03:18pm

*****, ***, ** ***** *** ************ ** *** ****** ****** the ******. ******.

Thumbnail profile pic 2017

Eddie Moss

08/08/17 10:32pm

*** ****** ******* *** *** ********** ***** ***** ** ****, for *** **********, ** **** **** *** ****** ** ****, for *** **********?

**** ******** ** ** ********* ** *** ***** ** **** for ** **** ********.

John Honovich

IPVM | In reply to Eddie Moss | 08/08/17 10:37pm

*****, **** ***.

*** ****** **** *** *** * ***** ********** ***** ***** than * *** ****** ** *** ********** ** ****** ******, i.e., *** ******* *** '******' **** *** ****:

*** - **** * ****

*** - **** * ****

******* -****** ***** **:* ** *:* ********

****, *** ******* **** ******** ******* ******** ***** ***** *** much ******** ********** ***, *.*., *** - **** * ****

Login to read this IPVM report.
Why do I need to log in?
IPVM conducts unique testing and research funded by member's payments enabling us to offer the most independent, accurate and in-depth information.

Related Reports

Automatic Door Operators For Access Tutorial on Sep 20, 2017
Opening and closing doors might sound simple, but it takes a high-tech piece of door hardware to pull it off. Integrating automatic door operators...
September IP Networking Course on Sep 14, 2017
LAST Chance - Registration is ending. Register now. This is the only networking course designed specifically for video surveillance professionals...
Master Keying Tutorial on Sep 14, 2017
Mechanical keys are the most fundamental, albeit unsophisticated, form of access control. Like access control, Master Keying allows large scale use...
Fail Safe vs. Fail Secure Tutorial on Sep 13, 2017
Few terms carry greater importance in access control than 'fail safe' and 'fail secure'. Access control professionals must know how these concepts...
Axis: Use QR Codes Instead of Access Cards on Sep 12, 2017
Innovation in access may be hard to find, but Axis recently suggested an idea for credentials few have considered. Rather than using plastic cards,...
Geovision Doorstation Tested (CS1320) on Sep 12, 2017
Geovision has released the GV-CS1320 door station, priced at a fraction of others, with additional bells and whistles like a built in card reader,...
Axis vs Sony Super Size Shootout (Q1659 vs SNC-VB770) on Sep 11, 2017
Super low light, super sized sensor cameras are a growing trend. In the past year, 2 of the most notable entrants for these IP cameras have been...
October Camera Course on Sep 07, 2017
Learn video surveillance and get certified. IPVM provides live online classes, recorded videos, personal help, cutting edge education and...
DoorBird D101 Tested Vs Ring and Axis on Sep 01, 2017
Video doorbells are a big growth market, with Ring, in particular gaining a lot of attention on the consumer side and Axis making a push on the...
Axis Camera Optimization App (UI Me) Tested on Aug 28, 2017
A new Axis camera app (ACAP) called UI Me has been released, offering a number of interesting features including optimization wizards and...

Most Recent Industry Reports

Reseting IP Cameras - 30 Manufacturer Directory on Sep 22, 2017
Every camera has a reset button (well, almost) but it is not always clear what these buttons do, how long they need to be held, what settings they...
80+ OEMs Verified Vulnerable To Hikvision Backdoor on Sep 22, 2017
Over 80 Hikvision OEM partners, including ADI, Interlogix, LTS, and Northern Video, have been verified as having products vulnerable to the...
Genetec Launches Cloud Access Control (Synergis SaaS) on Sep 21, 2017
Genetec's cloud everything expansion continues, with their announcement of Synergis SaaS edition, joining their cloud video offering Stratocast,...
Genetec CEO Warns Against Insider Threats on Sep 21, 2017
With Dahua and Hikvision cybersecurity issues becoming indisputable, a new counter has emerged. Just put them behind a firewall, buy cheap...
New IPVM Calculator V3 Released on Sep 20, 2017
The New IPVM Calculator V3 is released. An entirely new architecture delivers the following benefits: Turbo The calculator is now ~50% faster in...
Automatic Door Operators For Access Tutorial on Sep 20, 2017
Opening and closing doors might sound simple, but it takes a high-tech piece of door hardware to pull it off. Integrating automatic door operators...
'Clowns' Allege Ubiquiti 'Completely Fraudulent' on Sep 20, 2017
A short seller has alleged Ubiquiti is 'completely fraudulent'. Ubiquiti's CEO has responded calling them 'clowns'. Here is the short...
Avigilon 'Blue' Cloud Entry Examined on Sep 19, 2017
Avigilon is moving to the cloud. The company announced their Avigilon Blue platform, designed to be a web-managed surveillance system, utilizing...
HID Buys Mercury Security on Sep 19, 2017
One of the biggest access control deals in years. Mercury Security, the most widely used access hardware OEM, and partner to 20+ manufacturers,...
Hikvision Backdoor Exploit on Sep 18, 2017
Full disclosure to the Hikvision backdoor has been released, allowing easy exploit of vulnerable Hikvision IP cameras. As the researcher, Monte...

The world's leading video surveillance information source, IPVM provides the best reporting, testing and training for 10,000+ members globally. Dedicated to independent and objective information, we uniquely refuse any and all advertisements, sponsorship and consulting from manufacturers.

About | FAQ | Contact