Wireless Networking For Video Surveillance Guide

********

***** *** ***** ***** ******** ******* topologies ** *** ** ************, **** varying **** ********* ** ***** *** how ******* *** ********:

• *****-** *****
• *****-**-**********
• ****

*****-**-*****

*****, *** **** ****** *** *****-**-***** (PtP) ******** *****. ** *** ********, a ****** ***** ** *** ****** location ** ********* ** * ****** radio ********* ** *** ************ *******. PtP ***** *** **** ** *** common ************:

• ********** *******:**** ********, *** ****** *** **** to ******* ******* **** * ****** location (**** ** * ******* *** pole, *** *******) ** * ************ system.
• ******** ********:*****-**-***** ** **** **** ** ******** applications, ********** *** ********* ******** ** connecting * ********** **** ******* ** another ***** ** *** *******.

*********** ******** *** **** ***** **** in *** ************, **** *****-**** ****** possible. **** ********* ********* ******* *** available, **** *** ***, ** *.* and *.* ***, *** ******.

*****-**-**********

** *****-**-********** (****) ******** *****, * single ***** **** ** **** *******, connected ** *** ******* *******, **** multiple ****** ************ ** **. *** radios **** ** **** ****** *** be *** **** ** *** ** many *****, ****** **** ************* *** special ****** *** *** **** ******* to ****** ****** **** ***** ******** when ********** ******** ****** ******.

**** ** **** ** ************ ***** multiple ******* **** ** ********* ****** the ****, ******* ********* ***** ************, with **** ****** ******* ***** ** the **** *******. ***** ******* ***** in **** **** * ******* ** cameras ** * ******* *** ** city-wide ************ *******, ***** ******** ** cameras *** ********* *** **** ****** being ********** ******* ***** *****.

**** **** ******** ********* *** *************** or **** ***** *********** ******** (**** as *******), ********* ** ******* ******* are ******* ** *** ********** ** in *** ******* *********. **** ****** radios **** ***** *** ******** *********** antennas.

****

** * **** *******, **** ******** node ******** ** *** ** **** other ******, ********* **** **** *** path *** ******* *******. ** *** link *****, **** ** ******** ** another ****, ******** *** ****** ** a ***** ******. *******, ** ******** is *******, *** **** **** ** carefully ******** ** ****** ****** *****, or ******* **** *** *** ******* overload *******.

************, **** ****** **** ********* **** expensive **** *** ** **** ******, and **** ****-********* ** *********. ******* of **** ***** *******, ** *** most ***** **** ** **** ************, one ** *** *** ************ **** both *** ****** *** **** *** these ******** ************.

*******, **** **** ******* *** ******* and ****** () **** ********* ************* (**** * Gb/s), ****** **** ********* ** **** applications. ************, **** *** ****** ********* to *********** ********* **** **** **********,*******, *** ****** ** ****** **** coverage ********** *****/**********.

**** ****** *** *** *** **** of *******, ********* ** *** ******** to ***** *****, *** *** **** it ** ********** **.

Internal ******** *** ** *******

****** ******** ***** **** ** ** camera ** ************* **** *** *** cameras **** ** **** ********** ********, typically **** ***** ****** *** *** marketed *** ******** ***, *** ************.

** ****, **** ************ ***** ************ applications *** ******** ***** ** *******, without ********** ********, ********* ** ** external ******** ***** ***** ****** ********.

Omnidirectional ********

*************** ******** ******* *** ****** ** all **********. **** ***** *** ******** with **** **** ** ******* ** it ** ********* ******** **** ******** wireless *******, *** ***** "****** *****" style ** **** ** *** "*****" seen *****. ******* ****** ******** *** same *** *** *** ** **** larger (*-*' ****), ********* ** ******* gain.

Directional ********

*********** ******** *** ********* ** ******** styles **** ******* **********. **** ******* tight ********, ** ******* ********** ** less, ***** ***** *** ** ****, over *** *******. **** **** ******* type (******, *****, *********, ***.) **** not *********** ******* *********, *** * wide ******* ** ******* *** ********* in **** **** ******.

Performance *********

********* *** ****** ******* ******* ** many *******, *** *********** ***** **** to ***** *********:

• *************** ******** *** ******* ** *** up, ********* ****** ** ** *********, but ***** *** ******** *****. **** should ** **** **** **** ******** to ******* ******** ******* ** * base *******, *** *******.
• *********** ******** **** ** ***** *** sector ******* ****** ***** *********** *** to ***** ******** **** *******. **** are **** ******** **** **** ** external ******** *** ***** ***** **** all-in-one ******. **** *** ***** ** aimed ** ***** ******* ** ********* more ******* ****** ******** ******** *** aiming, *** *** ********* ** ***** changes *** ** ****, ****, *** vibration.
• ****** *********** ******* **** ** ********* provides *** ********* ******, *** *** difficult ** *** *** ** ***** narrow *********, ***** ********* *********** *********** to *******. ***** ******** *** **** often ***** ***** ******, ****** ******** meters, *** ***** **** ******* *****, and *** **** *********** ** *********** issues *** ** **** ** ********* than ***** *****.

Antenna ****** ** ****

**** ** ********* ******* *** ****** the ****, ********** **** ***** *****, the ******* *** ****** *** ******** and **** ****** ** *** **** with ************. *************** ******** *** ***** as *** ** *** ***** *********** antennas *** ** **** ** ******.

Free ***** **** ****

** **** *******, ** ********* *** basics ** ******** *** *** *** a ****** *** ********, *** *********** free ***** **** ****.

*** ******* **** ***** *** *** one *** ******** *******:

• *** ********* ***** ****: ****** *** frequency, *** ******* *** *** ** (e.g., *.****, ********** **** *****, *** shorter ***** **** *.****).
• *** **** ** *** ******** ***** used: *** ****** *** **** (*.*., 24dB ******* ** ****), *** ******* one *** **.
• *** *********** ***** *** ******** ********. The ****** *** *****, *** ****** it ** ** **** *** ********* less ********* ** ********* (*.*., -***** vs -***** *** ****** ********* ******).
• *** ************ ***** ** *** *****. Most ************ ******** ******* *** ******** frequencies ***** *** *** **** ***** can ** *** ***, ************ *** far *** ****** *** ** (******, e.g., * ** ******* ***** ** comparatively '********' *** ************* ** **** lower ***********).

******* ** *** ******* ************ ******** in ****,** **** ****** ************** **** ***** ****, **** **** inputting ********, *********, ******* *** ***** information, *** ******** ***********. *** ****** of *** ** ***** *********** *** a ****** *.* *** **** ** shown *****.

Fresnel ****

******** **'* **** ** ***** ** wireless ****** ** * **** ** a ****, ** ** ******** ** elliptical ****** ******* *** *********** *** receiver, ****** ********** ****. ****** ***, *** ****** *** distance ******* *** ******, *** ****** the ******** ** *** ******* ****.

******* ** ****, *** ********* ** the ***** *** ****** ** ***** at **** **** ****** (**** ******* miles) ** *** ****** ****** ** enter *** ******* ****, ********* ****** to ** ******* ****** ** **********. Additionally, ** ******* ******, ***** ****** beware ** ***** ************, **** ** trees, ******* ******, ** ********* ******** the ******* ****, ** **** *** also ***** **********/********** ******.

*********** *** ******** **** ** ********* the **** ** *** ******* **** and ************* ******** ******, ******* ** link ****** ***********. ************* *** ***** their *** ***********, *** **** ******* calculators ********** ********* ******.

Obstructions / **** ** *****

****** **** *********** *** ********* ************ better **** ******, ******** ***** ****** ideally **** ***** **** ** ***** (LOS) ******* ****** *** **** ***********. Obstructions ****** *********** ** ***** *** ways:

• **********
• **********
• ********* ***********

**** ** **** ** ***********, **** of *** ****** ** ******** ***/** reflected, ******** *** ***** ** ****** reaching *** ********* ***. *** **** impacts *********** ******* ** *** ********. For *******, ******* *** **** ***** (common **** *** ****** ************ *********) absorb ********** ****** ******. ** ********, heavy ********, *****, *** ***** ************ found ** ***** ********* ****** *** reflect **** **** *****, ********* ** high ***********.

********* ** * ******* ********** ** the ****** **** *** ******** ****, resulting ** ** ***** ******** *** of **** **** *** ******** ***-********* transmission, ******** **** *******. ****** ********** surfaces **** ** ***** *** *****, as **** ** *******, *** ***** to ********* *********** **** ** ******* ranges.

Frequency *********

********* ******* ******** *********** ** *** ways:

• **********:****** ***, *** ****** *** *********, the ****** *** ******* *********** **********. High ********* ****** *** ****** ******** 1 **** ******, ***** ***** *********** are ******* ** *-* ****.
• ***********:*** ** ***** ****** **********, ***** frequencies *** ****** **** ** ********* and ******** ******* ** ***** *********. Low *********** (*** ***, *.* ***, etc.) *** ******** ** ***-**** ** sight (****) ************, ***** ** ** 40 *** **** ********* ****** *** see *********** ******** ** **** ** fog *** ** ******** ** *** air.

******* ** ****, ***** **** ********* consider *** ******* ******** **********, ********* in *** ******** ************ ****, *** they *** ******** ** ********, *** how ******** ********* ******* *** **.

** ******* *********** ********* **** ** surveillance ******* *****.

2.4/5.8 ***

***** *********** *** **********, **** *** use ** ******, *** **** ***** used ** ******* ************ ************ **** as ********** ******* ****** * ******* lot, ******* *** *********, ***. ********** varies ********* ** ************ ********** *** number ** ****** (*** ****, *****) used, *** ** ********* ** *** range ** ~**-** *** ****** ******, and *** ** **** *** **** models.

*******, ***** *** ***** *** **** used ** ***.** (*/*/*/*/**) ******** ** use ** ***** *** ********, ********** the ********* *** ************. *.* *** was ********** **** ****** ** ************ as ** *** **** ******* **** the *.* ****, *** **** ***.*** (and *** ***.****) ****** ****** ****** in **** **** *** ********** ********, its ********* *** **** ******* *******.

*.* *** *** ** **** ** shorter ** ***** ********** ***-**** ** sight ************, ** ** *** ********* obstacles **** ** ***** **** *****. However, *.* *** ********* ******** **** of *****.

************, *.* *** *.* *** *** less **** ** ********* ********* **** lower ***********, ****** **** ** ***** (LOS) *** **** ********* ****** ** these *****. ** ************ ***** ************, 5.8Ghz ** **** ********** **** **** 2.4Ghz ** ** ** ********** **** crowded.

900 ***

*** *** ** *** **** ****** non-line ** ***** *********, *** ** most ***** **** **** ******* ** not **** * ***** **** ** the **** *******, **** ** ***** or ***** ***** **** ******* *****.

*** ***** ********* **** ** ****** able ** ********* ********* **** *.* or *.* *** ******. **** *********** comes **** * ********, *******, ** 900 *** ******** ***** ********* **** lower ********** **** ****** ***********, ************ about ~**-** **/*. *******, ***** **** models **** ********* ********** *************, **** 100+ **/* *** ******.

*** *** *** ********* ****, **** 2.4 *** *.* ***, ** ******* and *** ********** ************ ******, ** it ** ******** **** ** **** consumer ********, **** ** ******** ****** and ********* *****.

10+ ***

******** ****** ***** *.* *** (**, 20, **, ** ***, ***.) **** historically ******** ** ************ *** **** seen ***** *** ** *** **** few *****, *** ** ***** ****** bandwidth ******** (***** ** ** * Gb/s). *******, **** ***.**** ***** **** radios *** **** ******, **** ******* has **** ******** *******.

***** *********** *** **** **** *********** to ************ *** ** ************* ********** such ** ****, ****, *** ***, making **** ****** ******** *** ****** alignment ********. *******, ****** ** ***** frequencies *** **** ****** ** *** interference ****** ******* *** ***** ******* operate ** ***** ******, ****** *** MHz ** *.*/*.* ***.

************, ****** ** ***** ***** *** much **** ********* **** ******* *.*/*.* GHz ******, ********* ******** ***** ** $1,000 *** *** *****, **** $*,***-*,*** not ********.

Licensed *****

**** *********** ** *** ******** ******** are ******** *** ****** ****** ***. In *** **, *.* *** ** regulated *** **** ******, *** ***** entities (*********, *** *** ******, ********** entities) ******* ** ****** ****** ** this **** **** ***** *** ***. Other *********** *** ******* ********* *****.

******* *** ********** ********* *** *** use *** *.* *** **** *** on **** ******** ** **** ****, interference ****** *** ******** ******** ** unlicensed ***********. ******* ** ** ********** to ****** ****** ***, ** ** most ***** **** ** **** ************, used ** ****** *** ***** ********* personnel.

TV ***** *****

* ****** *********** ** ********,** ***** **************** **** ***** ****** ** ** wireless ******* *** ** ****. ***** radios *** *********** ** *** ***/*** range ***** **** ******* ** *** switch **** ****** ** ******* ********* TV. ***** **** *** ***** *********** (between ** *** *** ***), ***** space ****** *** ****** **** ** penetrate *********, *** ********** ** ***** than **** *** ***, ******* *** at ***** ** **/* ** ********* available ******* *******.

MIMO ******

****, ***** *** ******** ** ******** Out, ******* ***** ****** ****** *** or **** ***** ** ******** ********* and ********** ** ************. **** ****** may *** *** ** **** ******** antennas, ** **** ******** * ****-********* antenna, ***** ********* **** ** ***** signals ** ****, **** *** ********** rotated ** *******. **** ***** *********** single ****** ****-********* ********:

Bandwidth ********

************* *** **** ********** *** ****** bandwidth *************, ********** ** *********** ********. 5.8 *** *********** *** ***** *** generally *** ******** ** *** *** the **** ****** *******, **** ** heavy **** ** ********** ****. *********** above ****, *******, *** ** ******** greatly, *** **** ****** *** ** used *** ******** ************ *****. ***** from *******, ****** ******* ** **** conditions, **** ** ******* ******* **** the **** ** ************, ** ******** shifting ******** *** ***** ************ ******, decreased *********, ** ******** **** ** link.

Manufacturer ********* ******

** ******* ***** ************ ********* ******. As * ******* **** ** *****, discount ********* ********* ****** ** **% to **% **** ********** ********* *** real ***** ************ ***. *** **** news ** **** **** **** **** caution, ******** ********* **** *** * single ** ****** (~*-* **/*) ** generally **** ** ******* ** * dedicated *** ****. *******, ** ******** video ******* *** ****** *** **** complex, **** ******* ********** *** ******* becomes ********.

Transmission *****

***** *** ** **** *** **** rules *** ************ ***** ** ******** networks. ********* *** ******** ** ****** such ** ************, ********* ****, ************ power, *** ******* ****.

** ******* ************* ***** **** ** sight ** ********, **** ** ******* lots, ******** ** *** **** ** a ********* **** ******** ******** ** PtP ** **** **************.

*******, ***** *****-**** ******** ***** *** easily ******** **** *** ***** *********, many ***** **** **** *** ************ required ** ***** ********* ***********, *** novice ***** ****** **** ********** **** the ************ ** *********** ***********.

************, *** ****** *** ****, *** more ******* ******* ********* **** **, making ************ **** *********. *****-**** ***** even **** **** *** ********* ** the ***** **** *******, ** ** may ******* ** ****** ****** ** long ******, ********* *****.

Wireless ******** *** ***** ************

***** ******* ****** **** *****-** ********, typically ************ ******* **** *** ********** wireless ********* ******* ** ****** ** connect ** * **** ** *** wireless ******.

**** ******** ************ ***** ********* ****** PTP ** **** *******, ********* **** lower **** ******* (******** ** *** most ******). *** **** ** ******** product ***********, ***:******** ******** ***** ************ *************.

** *** *****, ***** *** * lot ** ***** *** ******** ** mesh ********** *** *** **** **** ($3,000+ *** **** *** ******) *** complexity *** ********* **** ****** ** high-end, *********** ********.

***********

******* ******** ***** *** ********* ** fluctuations ** **** **********, ******* *********** is * *** ******* ** *** deployment. ******* ********* ****** ** *******, connectors ****** ** ******* *** *********, foliage ** *** **** ** *** link ****** ** *******, *** ****. We ******* ***** ****** **-***** ** our******** ************ ***************.

Power ************ A major obstruction to installing wireless-connected cameras is determining the best available power source. The power draw for a typical radio and camera will be low (less than 60 watts). Finding a continuous, clean supply near the required location is the primary obstacle. If no power source exists, power draw will need to be taking into account for Solar or Battery powered systems. Electrical ******* ******** Always consult a licensed electrician when installing a new or using an existing power source. If you or the client do not have one on staff, you will need to account for the additional cost of subcontracting one. This is important as the supply voltages can cause injury or death to inexperienced technicians, or damage expensive equipment. A licensed electrician will also ensure you get the correct information about existing power sources (do not automatically rely on the client's maintenance staff). The most common power sources that are used:

• ******* *****
• *****
• *******

Utility *****

******** ******** ****** *** ******* **** a ******** ***-****** @ ** ** (or ***-****** @ **** ) *******-********* outlet ** ********* ***** ****** ** the ******* ********.

*** ************ ** * ****** ** a ******** **** *****'* **** ******** network ************, ***** *** ** ****** from * ****** ********** ******** ***, or **** ** ******** *** ** existing *******. **** *** ** ****** on *********** *****, ****** ******, *** remote ******* ****** *************.

********** ******* ** ******** ***** *** also *** *** ********** ***** **** is ******* *** ****. **** **** depend ** * *** *******:

• ** *** ***** ** *** **** centrally ********? ** **** ********** **********, multiple ******** ***** *** ********** ** a ******** ******* *****, ** *****-***, which ***** *** ***** *** ** the ****** ****** *** ***.
• ** *** ***** ********** **** ************ equipment? **** ******** ***** *** ** higher *-***** ******** **** *** ** 480 *****, ** **** *** ******* you **** ***** **** ***** ******* a****-**** ***********.

**** *** ****** ** ***** ******** ******** ************ *******.

Solar *****

*** ********* ** ***** ***** *** wireless ***** ************ **** ****** ** the ****** *** *** **********. *** US ********** ******** ********* ****** *** produces ******** ***** *** ****** ********* ** all ** ******. ***** ********* *** available *** ********** *** ***** ****** available, **** ********* ***** *****. **** *** ****** *** ***** ************************.

*** **** **** **** ** ********* the ****** ******** *** **** ******, and *** ** * *********** ** solar ****** **** ******* ****** **** work ***** *** *** **********.

******* ****** ** ******** **** ********** a ***** ******* ****** ** *** additional ****** *** ********** ** **** the ***** ***** *** *** ********** control ****** *** ******* ******* *****.

***** ***** ******* **** ****** ** higher ********* ***** ** *********** *** solar ****** *** ******* ****** *******.

Battery *****

******* ****** ***** ** **** ** any ***** ******* ****** *** ** added ** ******** ***** ************* **** the ***** ****** ** **********. *********** of *** ********* ** ******** ** the *********** ** *** ****** *** will *** ********* ****.

******* *********,*************** *** ********** *******-******* *** ********-******* products, *** *********** **** * *** platform ** ***** ******* ** ****. Manufacturers ***** * ******* **** ** 4-9 ******. **** ***** ** ********* to * *** ***** ********* ** the ****** ** ******** *********. ******* will ** ***** ******* ***** ********* the ********* ** **** *****. ******* with ************ ********* *** **** ** be *********** ***** ******** *******.

Test **** *********

**** ***** ******** *******

[****: **** ***** *** ********** ******* in ****, *** ************* ******* ** 2018-2022 ** ******* ******* ** ************ speed, ********* *********, *** ******* ************]]