White House Expands Dahua Hikvision Blacklist To Federal Funding [Final Rule Reverses]

By Charles Rollet, Published Aug 13, 2020, 11:09am EDT

The White House is expanding the NDAA to blacklist anyone who "uses" banned Hikvision/Dahua/Huawei HiSilicon equipment from participating in any federally-funded contracts, regardless of whether the contract involves banned equipment and regardless of the entity spending the federal funds, IPVM has verified in a new government disclosure.

UPDATE 8/14: the final rule has now been published and it does not expand the Hikvision/Dahua blacklist, in a reversal from what the White House stated yesterday and proposed back in January. What the new rule does do is prohibit federal funds from being spent on covered services and equipment, but not entities that "use" Hikuawei gear. For more info and examples read out latest post: Final Rule Does Not Expand Hikvision Dahua Blacklist

IPVM Image

This means any company that "uses" Hikvision equipment or services cannot participate in any federally-funded contract, even a FEMA grant for a church to buy shovels. Additionally, any "video surveillance costs associated" with this new rule are "unallowable", meaning the federal government will not cover anyone's compliance costs.

This expansion of the blacklist clause, first proposed in January 2020, is representative of the Trump administration's tough and expansive implementation of the NDAA ban. In this post, we examine this development and discuss examples of its impacts.

Background: * *********** ********* ** *** ********* ******

*** ********* ******** ** the**** ******* *** ******* **** ****** *****. The ***** ***** ****-********* '********* ******', ***** *********** ********** ************ ******** **** ********* with *** ******* **** "uses" ******* *********; **** isSection ***(*)(*)(*).

*** ***** **** ****** into ****** ** ************** ** **** *** Grant *******Section ***(*)(*), which states the government "may not obligate or expend loan or grant funds" to obtain covered equipment:

IPVM Image

**** *** ******** ** January ******** *** ***** ***** announced** *** ********* * new ****,2 *** ***.***, that would implement 889(b)(1) by prohibiting "Federal award recipients from using government funds" to contract with banned equipment users, regardless of whether the contract involves banned equipment or not:

IPVM Image

**** *** **** ** a *********** ********* ** (b)(1) ******* **** **** **** writing** "******** * ***** interpretation" **** "*********** *************'".

White ***** ********* ***** ******* **** ***.***

*****, *** ***** *****'* Office ** ********** *** Budget********* ** *** ******* Register** *** "******" **** new *******. *** ******** is ******* *** **** as *** ******** **** from *******, **** ** sign ** ***********, ******** "even" *** ********* ********** unrelated ** ******* *********/********:

IPVM Image

** ** ***** ****, the* *** ***.*** ********** ** *** *********. We **** ****** **** it ** ********.

IPVM Image

Impact ********

**** **** *** **** in *****, ** ** today, **** ********** *** following ******** ***** **** under *** ***********:

  • ** ********** **** **** Hikvision ******* *** ** longer *********** ** * local ****** ********'* ******** project ** ** ** a *********-****** ********** ** Education ********
  • * ************ ******* **** uses ***** ********* ****** bid ** * *** rec ****** ***** ***** as **** ** * FEMA ********
  • * ********** ******** ******* that **** ******* **** Huawei ********* ***** ****** participate ** * ***** church's ********** ** ******** Affairs-funded ******** ********

*** *** ****'* ******** does *** **** ******* equipment ***** ****** **** with ********* ****** ************ (like ************) ** *** way; ******, *** **** prohibits ************* ** *********-***************************.

*******, **** ** **** the ************* *** *** ***************** **** ** ***** by "***" ** ******* equipment, *** *******, ******* only ******* ****** ********* counts; *******, "***********" ** banned ***** **** ***** as * ******* *******.

Related ***** ************ ***** "***********"

*** ***** ***** **** it *** ******* *********** to "******* ******* **** the ****************** *** ***** surveillance *****" ********** **** 200.216 "*** ***********":

IPVM Image

**** ***** * ********* user ****** ** ******* on *********-****** ******** *** only ****** ** ** but ** **** ********** from ********* ******* ***** to ******* *** ****** equipment.

*** "***********" ******* ******* only ** **** ********** White ***** ********* ******, Section ***(*)(*).***** *** ****, *** ***** ********* components ** *** *** (the **** ********* ****** and *** *********** ***) do ***** *** ***** "reasonably ********* *** ***** affected ******** ** ********** from ******* ************** ********* and ********".

Beyond ** ********** *************

**** **** **** ****** the ************* ** ** government **********, **** ******* undermining *** ******** *** operations ** *** ****** companies ** *** **. The ******* *** ** government ********** **** **** and ********** *** **** difficult ** **** ****** for ***** *** ********* to ** ******** ** the ****** ******.

***** **** ** ************* for *** ** ***** surveillance ********, ** ******* a ************** ****** *** *** China**** *** **** ****** that ********** *** ******* out *** *****'* ***** surveillance *************.

Impact *****: ******** *** ******* ********

***** *** **** *** months **** ****** **** discussions *** *******, *** example *****, ** *****, **** *** ******** is *** ********. *** US ********** *** *********** and ******** *** ************ of ***** ********. ****** there ** * ***** reversal, *** ************** *** enforcement ** **** ****** could *** **** ******* decrease ***** ***** *********' US ******** *** ******** their ******* ****** ** the **, **** **** the *** *** **** to ******* *********.

Comments (34)

Undisclosed End User #1

08/13/20 03:26pm

***** **** ***** ** a ************* ******* **** doesn't *** *** ****** Hikvision/Dahua/Huawei ********* ********* ****** the ****** ******...*** *** some********** ** (**** ** China)?

Agree
Disagree
Informative: 1
Unhelpful
Funny
Avatar

Charles Rollet

In reply to Undisclosed End User #1 | 08/13/20 03:51pm

***. ***** ** ** geographical *********** ** *** aspect ** *** **** ban. *** ********* **** in ***** ****** *******:

** **** ** ****** in *** ****** ******* where * ******** *** of ***** **** *********' equipment ** ****. ** we **** ** **** that **** *************? ***, if **** ****** ** part ** *** **** entity, **** ****** ** part ** *** ***** contractor, '***' ** **** office ** ********** '***' that *** **** ** represent *****.

**** ******* **** ** there ** ** ****** but ** *** **** equipment ** *** ******* country:

**** ***** ********** ***** the ********** ** ******* in * ******* **** as ********, ***** *** monopoly ******** ********, *** government ** ******** **** covered ******* *** ***** infrastructure? ****, ** **** contractor **** **** ******** infrastructure, ****'* *** *** of ******* *******. *** if *** **** ***** it, ** **** ********** inquiry ***** ** **** information, *** **** ** represent ** *** ********** that *** *** ******* telecom

** *** ******** **** 889 **** * ************

Agree
Disagree
Informative: 4
Unhelpful
Funny

Andrew Somerville

In reply to Charles Rollet | 08/13/20 04:25pm

** *****'* **** ** be ********. ** *** UK ** ***** ** well **** ********** ** obtain ******** ****** **** is ********** *** ** use ****** ************** (*.*. most *** *********** ********* in *** ***** ** exchange ** ****** ********* access *****, * *** of *** * ****** operators *** ****** ** radio *********, **% ** smartphones *** ******).

****** **** ** *************.

Agree: 1
Disagree: 1
Informative: 2
Unhelpful
Funny
Avatar

Charles Rollet

In reply to Undisclosed End User #1 | 08/14/20 11:19am

******:*** ***** **** *** been ********* *** ** does *** ****** *** Hikvision/Dahua *********:***** **** **** *** Expand ********* ***** *********

**** *** *** ********** ** ******** ******* funds **** ***** ***** on ******* ******** *** equipment. *** *******, * church ****** ***** * DHS ***** ** ****** HiSilicon-based *******. *******, ** can ***** *** ***** on **** *********-******* **** an ********** **** "****" Hikvision ******* *********.

*** **** ******** *********, if*** **** ***** ****** equipment ******* *** **, you **** *** ** prohibited **** *********-****** ********* but *** ****** ******* banned ********* *** ***** contracts.

**** ** **** **** u******* ******** ********* ******, *** ***** **** ************ from ***** * ***** contractor *** ****** ******* agency ********* (*.*. *** bids) - ********** ** the ************ ******** ** the ****** *********.

Agree
Disagree
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny

Undisclosed Integrator #2

08/13/20 03:32pm

****, ** ** ********* a ********* ****** * year ** *** ***. We ************ *** ** to *** *** ** run ******* *** **** sure *** ****** ** working. ** ** **** to ** **** *** replace **** ****** ** we **** ** ** business **** *******?

****, **** ****** *** at *** **** ** the *** ** * large *******. **** **** camera ***** ******** ** that ******* ***** ** get ******* *********?

Agree
Disagree
Informative: 2
Unhelpful: 1
Funny
Avatar

Charles Rollet

In reply to Undisclosed Integrator #2 | 08/13/20 04:00pm

** ******* ** *** updating *** ****** *** are ***** "***********" ** a ****** **** ***** means *** *** * user ** ****** *********/******** if *** ** *** replace *** ******.

** * **** ** banned *********/********, *** ***'* be **** ** *********** in *** ********* ****** contract ** ******* ****** contract.

*********** *** **** ***** be **** ** **** with *** ****** ** long ** **'* *** a ******* ******** *** school ** ************.

**** **** *****, ******** else *** ** ****!

Agree
Disagree
Informative: 3
Unhelpful
Funny

Undisclosed Integrator #11

In reply to Charles Rollet | 08/13/20 08:25pm

*** ****** ******** *** a ********** ** **** this ** **** ************** of *** ****. ** is ********* **** **** people ** *** *** and ******** ********* *** have **** ************ ****, as ****.

Agree
Disagree
Informative: 2
Unhelpful
Funny: 1

John Honovich

IPVM | In reply to Undisclosed Integrator #11 | 08/13/20 08:34pm

** ** ********* **** many ****** ** *** GSA

#**, *** *** ***** what ******** ****** ** the *** *** *** citations ** **** **********?

*******'* ***** ***** *********** is**** *** *** ********* ** ******* **** -*** ***** ********: *** Dahua ** *********, ** US ********** *********. *'** ****** **** that ** **** *** and ******:

*******, *** **** ******* states **** "***********" ** a ******* "****" ** considered "******* ********" *** must ** ********* (*.*. leading ** ************):

IPVM Image

Agree
Disagree
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny

Undisclosed Integrator #11

In reply to John Honovich | 08/13/20 08:51pm

***, *** **** **** mean ********** *********** ** a ****** **** *** sold ** ****** *********** done **** *** ** the ****** ********* ** a ****** **** * company ** "*****". *** you **** ************ **** yourselves ** *** *** getting ********'* ******** ** review?

** ** **** **************, an ********** ****** ******* an *** ********** ******** who *** * *** camera ** **** **** to ******** ********** *********? I'm **** *** ****** the ***** ** ****.

Agree
Disagree
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny

Undisclosed Integrator #11

In reply to John Honovich | 08/13/20 08:54pm

*** ***** ***** **** my ******** *******, ** you ***** **** *** the ****** ** *** law? * ******* *** intent ** ** ******* the ********** **** ******* into ********* **** ********** that *** **** *************** due ** *** "***" of *** ********* **** one ** *** ****** companies.

Agree
Disagree
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny

John Honovich

IPVM | In reply to Undisclosed Integrator #11 | 08/13/20 09:20pm

** *** ***** **** was *** ****** ** the ***? * ******* the ****** ** ** protect *** ********** **** getting **** ********* **** businesses **** *** **** vulnerabilities

******* ** *** ***** House **** *****, *** as ** ******* ** the ****, *** ****** or ** ***** *** clear ****** ** *** broader **** **** ********* cybersecurity ***** ** *** US **********. ** ***** today's ***** ***** ********:

*********** ** ******* ***************** and ***** ************ ******** or *********,***** ******** ******* ***** recipients ****using ********** ***** to enter into contracts (or extend or renew contracts) with entities that use covered telecommunications equipment or services. This prohibition ******* **** ** *** ******** ** *** ******** to procure or obtain, any equipment, system, or service that uses covered telecommunications equipment or services. [bold added]

** ***'* **** *** intent *** ***-****** ******** of *** ***** ***** but **** * *********** on *********** **** ******** using ******* ***** ** a ****** ********* ** Dahua *** ********* ***** business ** *** **, beyond * ****** ************** of ************* *************** *** example, ** ***** ***** and ********* ** *** White ***** ** *** contractors ******* ** *** White *****.

** ********** ****** ******* an *** ********** ******** who *** * *** camera ** **** **** to ******** ********** *********? I'm **** *** ****** the ***** ** ****.

*** ***** ** ****, given *** ***** ***** rule ***** *****, ***** be *** ** ********** to **** ***** ******** with ***** *** *********. Again, * ***'* **** their ****** *** ****'* the ********** ******* ** such * ******.

Agree: 1
Disagree
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny
Avatar

Charles Rollet

In reply to Charles Rollet | 08/14/20 11:15am

******:*** ***** **** *** been ********* *** ** does *** ****** *** Hikvision/Dahua *********:***** **** **** *** Expand ********* ***** *********

**** *** *** ********** ** ******** ******* funds **** ***** ***** on ******* ******** *** equipment. *** *******, * church ****** ***** * DHS ***** ** ****** HiSilicon-based *******. *******, ** can ***** *** ***** on **** *********-******* **** an ********** **** "****" Hikvision ******* *********.

*** **** ******** *********, this ***** *** *** still ** ******** **** the *******, **** ** federally-funded *********, ** **** as *** *** *** providing ******* ********* *** services. *** ********* ****** you ********* *** ** effect.

** *** **** *********** the ********* ********* *** still **** ************ **** being * ***** ********** for ****** ******* ****** contracts ******** ******** ********* ******.

Agree
Disagree
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny

Undisclosed Distributor #3

08/13/20 03:45pm

***** **** **** ***** to ********* **** * k12 ******? ** * school *** ********* ********* are **** ******* **** receiving ******?

Agree
Disagree
Informative: 2
Unhelpful
Funny
Avatar

Charles Rollet

In reply to Undisclosed Distributor #3 | 08/13/20 03:51pm

** * ****** ******** federal ******* ** ****** use **** ******* ** contracts **** ********* **** use ********* *********. *******, there ** ** ****** banning * ****** **** is ** ******** ********* user **** ******* ******* funding. ***** ****** ** more ******* **** * CFR ***.*** ** ********, when **** ******* ** will ******.

UPDATE: the final rule has been published and it does not expand the Hikvision/Dahua blacklist:***** **** **** *** Expand ********* ***** *********

**** *** *** ********** ** ******** ******* funds **** ***** ***** on ******* ******** *** equipment. *** *******, * church ****** ***** * DHS ***** ** ****** HiSilicon-based *******. *******, ** can ***** *** ***** on **** *********-******* **** an ********** **** "****" Hikvision ******* *********.

Agree
Disagree
Informative: 2
Unhelpful
Funny

Undisclosed Integrator #11

In reply to Charles Rollet | 08/13/20 09:14pm

** **** ***'* *** the ******* ** ********* with ********* **** "***" the *********, *** ***** is ******* ******** **** from ***** *** ***** to ******** **** *********?

Agree
Disagree
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny

John Honovich

IPVM | In reply to Undisclosed Integrator #11 | 08/13/20 09:23pm

*** ***** ** ******* stopping **** **** ***** the ***** ** ******** said *********?

****'* ******** **** ** starting ***** *** **** ban ********* ****** *** of ******* ***** ** Dahua *** ********* *********. From *** **** ****:

IPVM Image

**** (**** **** *) also **** ****** ***** though ********** **** *** White ***** ******.

Agree
Disagree
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny

Undisclosed Integrator #11

In reply to John Honovich | 08/13/20 09:57pm

****, ** **** **** grandfather ** ******** ***** that **** **** ** such ********* ** ** this **** ****** ******* from *****?

Agree
Disagree
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny

John Honovich

IPVM | In reply to Undisclosed Integrator #11 | 08/13/20 10:43pm

**** **** ** **** read, ** ******, ** is ****** ******* **** today.

Agree
Disagree
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny
Avatar

Charles Rollet

In reply to Undisclosed Distributor #3 | 08/14/20 11:21am

**#* ****** *** **** comment - **** *** there's ** ********* ****** on **** ** *** final **** *** **** released *** ** **** not, ** ****, *** federal ***** **** ***** spent ** ******** ********** **** **** *** Expand ********* ***** *********

Agree
Disagree
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny

Undisclosed Integrator #4

08/13/20 03:50pm

*'* *** ********* ** Hikuawie ******** *** *** shocking **** *** *********** that ***** *** ** this ************** ** ******* like *** *******. ***** & *** ***** ***** probably ***** ** ** crayon.

Agree: 2
Disagree: 4
Informative
Unhelpful: 13
Funny: 7

Undisclosed Integrator #5

08/13/20 03:50pm

**** ******* ** *** these ********* **** *** OEM *** *** *****..*** gonna **** ** **** we *** *** ******* Honeywell ** **** ********* because **** **** *** cameras **** *** ** these ****** ********* *** Honeywell *** ** ****** sell * ********** ** the ********** ******* **** have * ********* ** there **** **** ** products **** *** *** of ***** ****** *********? This ** ***** ** get ****** *****. *** HiSilicon **** ** **** in **** ******* ** may *** **** *** there ****** ** ** way ** *******. ******* what ****** ****** ***** compete **** *******? ** puts * *** ** small ********** ** * tough ********* ** *** income ***** ** *** U.S. ******* ***** ******* are ************ ****** *****. Food ***** ** ***** be *** ** *** table *** ***** ** will ******* *** **** of ********* *** ******** to * ***** ******.\

* ***'* ** **** friend ** *** ********* what-so-ever **** *** **** the ******. *** ****** you **** * **** we *** *** ******* anymore. *** **** **** our ******* ****** ***** have ** ** **** doing ******* ******** ***** with *** *.*. ***'*.

** **..

Agree: 3
Disagree: 5
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny

Undisclosed Manufacturer #6

08/13/20 04:01pm

**** ** ****. ** huge, ** ****, **** it **** ** ********** to ******* ****** ***** by ****** "********" *** of ****** *** ****** it ********* ** **** and **** *****. ***** are ******** ******** ** millions ** ******* ** Hikauwei ******** ** ************* that **** ******* ***** on * ********** *****.

Agree: 8
Disagree
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny: 1

John Honovich

IPVM | In reply to Undisclosed Manufacturer #6 | 08/13/20 04:14pm

******** ******** ** ******** of ******* ** ******** products ** ************* **** take ******* ***** ** a ********** *****.

*** **** **** *** dollar ****** **, ******** less *** ***** *** "take ******* ***** ** a ********** *****" *** regardless ** *** ***** amount, **'* ********. ** could ** ****** ******* or ** ***** ** a *********** ****** ****** to **** ***** *** operations *********. ***.

Agree: 2
Disagree
Informative: 4
Unhelpful
Funny: 1

Todd Hill

In reply to Undisclosed Manufacturer #6 | 08/13/20 04:22pm

*** **** ***** *********** for **** ** *** indirectly ******** **********, *** in *** ********** **** prime *********, *** *********** officers *** ****** *** documentation **** *** ******** equipment ********, *** ** have ** ******* **** we ** *** ******* or ******* *********** *********. This *** *********** **** add * *** ** work ** *** *** related ********** *********** ***** to ***** *** ***** on *********** **** ***** requirements. ******** ***** ** slow **** *** *********** cycle, ** ** ** wasn't **** ******!

Agree: 1
Disagree
Informative: 2
Unhelpful
Funny

Undisclosed Integrator #7

08/13/20 04:10pm

**** **** ****** ********* institutions **** *** **** insurance? **** **** *********, count ** ******* *******? Everyone ***** ** ** very ******** ***** ******* this ******* ** **** or ***. *** **, the ****** ***** ** the ****** **** **** which **** ** ** lots ** ********.

Agree
Disagree
Informative: 2
Unhelpful
Funny

Undisclosed Manufacturer #6

In reply to Undisclosed Integrator #7 | 08/13/20 05:00pm

** * ******* ****, what ***** ********* **** receive ******** *************?

Agree
Disagree
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny

Undisclosed Distributor #8

08/13/20 04:34pm

** **** **** ********** by **** ********* *** Dahua ***** **** ****** the ******* *** ** direct ** ********. ** used ** *** ***** products *** **** **** showed ***** **** ******. For ***** ** *** still ******* *** **** to *** ****** **** luck. **** ********* *** price. **** **** *****.

Agree: 4
Disagree: 1
Informative
Unhelpful: 1
Funny

Undisclosed End User #9

08/13/20 04:42pm

* **** **** ** true. ******! *** ****** coming **! ** ******* I **** ** *******.

Agree
Disagree
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny: 2

Undisclosed Integrator #10

08/13/20 04:57pm

****************. **** ******** *** Equal ********** ****** ** the **** *********. ** the ******* ***** **** Santa ***** ****** *. Southern ******* ******** ******* (1886) **** **** ******* constitutional *********** ** ************. It's ******* ******* **** haven't **** ******* **** the **** *** ** of ****** *********. *** we *********** ******* ** were ***** **** * feet **** **** *** breathed ** * ********* camera? **** ** ** are ** *** ******* of ****** ******* **** from * ***** ****** over ** * ****** system *** **** **** a ***** ***** ****** and * ****** ** up ** **** *** system? ******'* ***'* **** unlimited ***** *** *** this. ** *** *** Dauha *** ** ***, just *** **** *** everyone ** **'* *****. Don't **** ******* *** losers. ** ****'* ** war **** ***** *** last **** * *******? We ***** **** * trade **** **** ***** right? **** ***** ** TCL ** ** ** house? *** ** ***** owned. **** ** ***** TVs **** *******. *** they ****? **** ************** from *** *** *** thrown ******** ********* ****** and **** ** ****** they ***** **** ******* on * ****.

**** ***** **** **** out ***** *** ** be **** ********* ***** technically ** ******. **** if ******* *** **** on ** *** *** Honeywell ****** ** **** a *** *** **** IP ****** **** ******* one ******* **** **** that ****** **** *** proper ******** ** **** correctly ** * ********** Lenel ******? *** ** on ******* ********** *** be **** **** **.

Agree: 4
Disagree: 1
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny: 1
Avatar

George Peffer

In reply to Undisclosed Integrator #10 | 08/13/20 09:28pm

"** ****'* ** *** with ***** *** **** time * *******? ** still **** * ***** deal **** ***** *****?"

**, *** **** *** at *** **** ** - *** ****** ******** type. ******* *** *****, and *********** *** **** at * **** ** avoid ********* ***** ** is *** ****. ***, they *** *** *** only ****.

*** ***** ***** ********* orders. ***** *-** **** Bush ******** * ***** of ********* ** **** been ********* ** **** mode. **** *** *** powers ***. **** *** patriot ***. **** ** mind ********, ***? *** this **** *** ** States ******* ** ** request ********** *** *** "Pandemic", ***** ********* **** powers ** *** **********. There's **** *** * am ***** ** ******.

Agree: 2
Disagree: 1
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny
Avatar

Dwayne Cooney

08/13/20 05:47pm

* ****** *** **** will ****** **** "***** camera" ******* ** ******* County ****** ******* (*******) mentioned ******* **** ****.

******* ******* ******* ****** Hikvision ***** ****** ****

Agree: 2
Disagree
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny
Avatar

George Peffer

08/13/20 09:12pm

** ** ***** **** USA **** *** **** to **** ********* **** companies **** **** ***************. The **** ***** ** that ***** ********* ***** have *********** ** ***** network **** ***** ** of ******** ** *** Chinese ********* *****. *** government *************, **************, *********, or ***** **** *** be **** ******* ** by ****** ***** *** data *** ****** *********** or ** ***** ******** for ***** ******* (***).

Agree
Disagree
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny
Avatar

Charles Rollet

08/14/20 11:06am

UPDATE: the final rule has been published and it does not expand the Hikvision/Dahua blacklist, in a reversal from what the White House had stated yesterday and proposed back in January. IPVM discusses the final rule in our latest post, ***** **** **** *** Expand ********* ***** *********

**** *** *** ********** ** ******** ******* funds **** ***** ***** on ******* ******** *** equipment. *** *******, * church ****** ***** * DHS ***** ** ****** HiSilicon *******. *******, ** can ***** *** ***** on **** *********-******* **** an ********** **** "****" Hikvision ******* *********.**** *** ****** ******* **** **** *** examples.

Agree
Disagree
Informative: 1
Unhelpful
Funny

Undisclosed End User #12

03/14/21 03:37am

** ***** * **** of **************** ******** ***** upon ******** *** ** 889(a)(1)(B) ****** *********? **** these ***** ** ************* would **** ** **** some ***** **** *** those ** *** *** associated **** ******* *********. Is ** *** ********,** **** ******** ******* ************, ** jettison **** ******** ******* that *** **** ******** in ******* ******* **** the ***?

*** "**** ***********" ****** is *********** *** **** than ****.

Agree
Disagree
Informative
Unhelpful
Funny
Read this IPVM report for free.

This article is part of IPVM's 7,197 reports and 958 tests and is only available to subscribers. To get a one-time preview of our work, enter your work email to access the full article.

Already a subscriber? Login here | Join now
Loading Related Reports