Camera Coverage Areas

By: John Honovich, Published on Feb 10, 2016

How wide and far on an area can a camera cover?

A fundamental metric in analyzing this is pixel density (aka PPF or PPM). Three key factors contribute:

Resolution of the camera (e.g., VGA, 720p, 1080p, 4K)
Size of the area (e.g., a room, a restaurant, outside a building, a big parking lot, etc.)
Lighting conditions (dark, direct sunlight, etc.)

Using our IPVM Camera Calculator, we have developed a series of 4 comparisons to show you tradeoffs in camera coverage area.

#1 - Residence

In the residence below, notice how even in a small bedroom, a VGA camera not cover the whole room at 40ppf. However, even 720p starts becoming overkill and unless the camera can see through walls, 1080p and 4K are routinely wasteful.

Here is the same coverage area shown dynamically, as a gif, demonstrating tradeoffs:

*** **** *** *** on ** **** *** a ****** *****?

* *********** ****** ** analyzing **** ******* ******* (*** *** or ***). ***** *** ******* contribute:

********** ** *** ****** (e.g., ***, ****, *****, 4K)
**** ** *** **** (e.g., * ****, * restaurant, ******* * ********, a *** ******* ***, etc.)
******** ********** (****, ****** sunlight, ***.)

***** ******* ****** **********, ** **** ********* a ****** ** * comparisons ** **** *** tradeoffs ** ****** ******** area.

#1 - *********

** *** ********* *****, notice *** **** ** a ***** *******, * VGA ****** *** ***** the ***** **** ** 40ppf. *******, **** **** starts ******** ******** *** unless *** ****** *** see ******* *****, ***** and ** *** ********* wasteful.

**** ** *** **** coverage **** ***** ***********, as * ***, ************* tradeoffs:

[***************]

**********

*** ***** **********'* **** seating **** ** ********** larger **** *** ******* home ****. ** ******* the ***** **** ****** area **** ******** ***** density, even **** ** *** enough. ** *** ***** hand, ** ** ****** overkill *** **** **** unless *** ****** **** details **** ** *** farthest **** ** *** area.

**** ** *** **** coverage **** ***** ***********, as * ***, ************* tradeoffs:

Outside ********

***** ******* ** ***** pixel ******* ********** ***** getting ******.

** *** ********** '*****' outdoor **** / ****** parking *** ** **** building, **** ** *** will ****** *** **** 20ppf (* ****** ***** that ***** ******* ******** but *** ****** *******), notice *** ******* *** the *********** ***, ****** you *** ***** **.

**** ** *** **** coverage **** ***** ***********, as * ***, ************* tradeoffs:

Parking ***

*******, ** **** ** a ******* *** ** a *** *** ********. In *** ****** *****, we **** **** *** lower **** ** **** parking ***.

******, *** **** ** the *******, **** *** 4K, **** ***** ** covering **** * ******* of *** ******* ***.

**** ** *** **** coverage **** ***** ***********, as * ***, ************* tradeoffs:

***********

****** *** *************.

*** *** ******, **** the '****' ******,*** ***** / ******** will ************* / ******* *********, often ************. *** **** concerns ****** **** ****** sunlight, ******* ****** **** ************* *** even **** ****, ******* degrades ******** ** **** full *****.

******* ***********, ******* ******* enhancements (**** '*****' *** light *** **** ***) tend ** *** **********. For *******, * ***** ago, *** ***** *** many *** ******* *** most **** **** ** low ***** *** ***. Now, **** *** / 1080p ******* *** *********** in ***** ***** *** the ***** ** ******* tend ** ** ****. This, ** ******, **** change **** **** ** technology ********. *******, ****** pushing *** ***** ***** of ******* **********, ** image ******* ****** *** common ** **** *****.

Comments (24)

John Bazyk

Command Corporation | IPVMU Certified | 02/10/16 06:01pm

It seems that 4K doesn't really have a place, sort of like those HD DVDs that came out between blu-ray and traditional DVD. It's seems to be overkill for many situations and doesn't provide a significant improvement in other areas, to justify the price tag.

Next year, I'll likely change my opinion.

Matt Ion

In reply to John Bazyk | 02/10/16 06:16pm

Just as a matter of historical accuracy, HD-DVD wasn't "between" DVD and BD... it was a competing standard to BD, both meant as successors DVD.

Michael Goodwin

In reply to John Bazyk | 02/11/16 05:59am

4K+ has it's place alright, on wide angle views it makes a massive difference, sometimes being able to read details on things going past the camera makes a huge difference

John Honovich

IPVM | In reply to Michael Goodwin | 02/11/16 07:19am

"on wide angle views it makes a massive difference"

Proof / evidence / map markup / something? One man's 'massive' is another man's 'moderate'.

Michael Goodwin

In reply to John Honovich | 02/11/16 08:36pm

you require proof that the higher resolution is clearer?

makes it far easier to see exactly what's happening, I will never find anyone I provide camera's for saying "this is too clear"

it's just a case of getting the price right, but saying that higher resolutions are "not worth having" which feels like discussion is something I disagree with.

John Honovich

IPVM | In reply to Michael Goodwin | 02/11/16 08:48pm

Michael,

Please re-read my response to you. You claimed, "on wide angle views it makes a massive difference". I am asking you to substantiate that. Show me proof of the massive difference. Images / calculations, etc. Explain what you mean quantitatively about massive.

Michael Goodwin

In reply to John Honovich | 02/11/16 09:04pm

the point I was making, is that with our wider angle camera's our guys find it makes a huge difference, with the higher zoom camera's (say 8 to 40mm) it tends to be less noticeable, probably more due to the quality of the lens being required to maintain quality at a longer distance or some other effect?

John Honovich

IPVM | In reply to Michael Goodwin | 02/12/16 12:54am

You say the difference is massive. I ask you to substantiate and offer a quantitative response. Then you reply, your 'guys' find it to be 'huge'.

Huge and massive are subjective terms and are difficult to evaluate. If you can offer something more precise, I am happy to respond, agree or disagree.

Michael Goodwin

In reply to John Honovich | 02/12/16 01:11am

what I'm attempting to convey, is that rather than accepting the reviewed opinion of 4k being wasteful and overkill, instead that the added detail is likely to be welcomed by most end users and in a round about way, I would suggest that folks should try it and make their own opinion.

some of the worst advise we've had from integrators that we attempted to engage previously was that 720p would be enough for various area's.. "you don't need HD cam's"

yet I show them a 3mp and their blown away, even in those small area's they are loving the extra quality starting to show the 4k stuff around it looks like we'll be upgrading a lot of our area's including indoors.

I don't really see the point of talking in ppf, even though it's the accepted industry norm, I never mention it(ever), instead I throw a cam up in an area that the end user wants covered (or a few of them to compare quality) and let them decide.

John Honovich

IPVM | In reply to Michael Goodwin | 02/12/16 01:20am

"I don't really see the point of talking in ppf, even though it's the accepted industry norm, I never mention it(ever), instead I throw a cam up in an area that the end user wants covered (or a few of them to compare quality) and let them decide."

Because ppf helps project quality tradeoffs before going on site. The reality is that ppf shows the best case scenario of potential benefits, so if it does not show meaningful improvements there, it will never in real life (due to problems, e.g., with 4K WDR, low light, lensing, etc.)

Michael Goodwin

In reply to John Honovich | 02/12/16 01:31am

Personally, In find it's quite missleading, a lower ppf camera of higher quality has a reasonable chance of giving a higher quality image than a higher ppf (Vivotek come on down)

some of the original Axis 720p cam's smashed lots of the old 3mp yum cha's that we tried.

agree to disagree?

John Honovich

IPVM | In reply to Michael Goodwin | 02/12/16 01:36am

"some of the original Axis 720p cam's smashed lots of the old 3mp yum cha's that we tried."

What's a yum cha? Dim sum?

"agree to disagree?"

No, because we've tested 100+ cameras and camera resolution / PPF has proven to be a quite strong correlation with image quality in full light. Again, low light and WDR are different.

There are only a few exceptions for full light, like the ACTi 10MP with its terrible lens and, evidently yum cha cams....

Undisclosed #1

In reply to John Honovich | 02/12/16 04:04am

Yumcha

very cheap chinese electronic component typically of low quality. Urban Dictionary

Michael Goodwin

In reply to John Honovich | 02/12/16 10:19am

yeah we've(i) have given the lower end of the market a good bashing, there are plenty of low end units with crazy small sensors and amazingly crap lens, so you can see where I come from (hopefully)

Undisclosed #1

In reply to John Bazyk | 02/11/16 07:33am

4K doesn't really have a place, sort of like those HD DVDs that came out between blu-ray and traditional DVD.

So what format will be the 'blu-ray' of security cameras, 8K?

John Bazyk

Command Corporation | IPVMU Certified | In reply to Undisclosed #1 | 02/11/16 01:45pm

"to justify the price tag."

I believe the price point associated with deploying a 4K camera at this time is too high, for what seems to be a minor improvement in quality.

IMO well positioned 3MP or 4MP cameras are more appropriate at this time.

"Next year, I'll likely change my opinion."

Michael Goodwin

In reply to John Bazyk | 02/11/16 08:42pm

yeah, I'm waiting to see things drop down like 3/4mp did, I can't see the higher res sensors being any different technology wise, so it should not take long, then it's a storage issue

Max Alfieri

In reply to John Bazyk | 02/15/16 06:57pm

I disagree.

I have tested for all weekend (different light conditions, different targets,different distances) #4 cameras (all Samsung):

4K camera SNB-9000 with 8-40mm lens
5MB bullet SNO-8081R- 3.93 ~ 9.4mm (2.4x) motorized varifocal
2MP PTZ camera SNP-6320H - 32x
2MP vandal dome - SNV-6013 - fix lens 2.8mm

I can say that i loved the 4K and i found it, in same scenario, even better of the PTZ 2MP 32x.

The key is the proper consideration of: distance - lens - resolution. Concentrating 12MP in the proper FOV produce a picture with incredible details. The 5MP "new" bullet camera with varifocal lens was not so great covering a wide area (the digital zoom is not useful here. Image too big to get enough details during the zoom). On the other hand, the 4K camera gave me the possibility to use the digital zoom on the picture keeping an incredible level of details/colors).

Honestly, I found the 4K resolution an new opportunity and a proper answer for different customer needs. I keep receiving specific requests from different customer who want to monitor gates up to 1000ft or wide areas with a very good level of details. The 4K is the solution according to my personal experience and hands on test. I also had the chance to test these cameras in a pretty "fresh" environment (we had a "nice" week end with -21/-26'Celsius here in Boston).

The challenge is to properly design the network to handle such performance (even if the new NVRs 4-8-16CH with the PoE switch on board are made to handle these cameras separating the customer network from the cameras network).

When it comes to use an external switch, a proper product has to be selected. VIGITRON is the answer according to my experience: www.vigitron.com). If John wants, i can share the pictures in order to give an idea and share my personal experience.

John Honovich

IPVM | In reply to Max Alfieri | 02/16/16 09:20am

Max,

Thanks for the comment. I see it's your first on IPVM, good to have you hear!

"I disagree... I keep receiving specific requests from different customer who want to monitor gates up to 1000ft or wide areas with a very good level of details. The 4K is the solution."

Actually, we agree. That's the point of the original article above. 4K is a solution worth considering for large / long / wide areas, presuming the 4K camera is good enough for the lighting conditions of the scene one is covering. 4K is mostly overkill in the average indoor setting.

Feel free to share your images. You and other should also review our 4K tests, like this excerpt from the Panasonic one below:

Max Alfieri

In reply to John Honovich | 02/16/16 01:52pm

Hi John,

thank you for your friendly welcoming.

Actually i was responding to John Bazyk which was claiming that the 4K improvement is not so great and that 3MP and 4MP can be a good alternative.

I found the 4K (along with the proper lens) a great product. "squeezing" 8/12MP in the correct FOV generate a picture that keeps high level of details even using the digital zoom (ex: monitoring a gate from a long distance)

Here attached one little example.

Thank you all for your precious comments and experience, and most of all, thank you John Honovich for your great job.

Michael Goodwin

In reply to John Honovich | 02/16/16 08:21pm

the IPC-HFW4800E seems to look way worse than the WV-SFV781L are they not both 4k?

John Honovich

IPVM | In reply to Michael Goodwin | 02/16/16 08:25pm

They are both 4K. That is our point above that new technology / early generation high resolution cameras have greater variation in performance.

Michael Goodwin

In reply to John Honovich | 02/16/16 08:31pm

So, ppf might not always be that accurate?

John Honovich

IPVM | In reply to Michael Goodwin | 02/16/16 09:57pm

PPF is not always accurate. Read the original post last section where I explained this.

That said, PPF is better than describing a camera as having 'huge' or 'massive' difference than another.

Login to read this IPVM report.

Why do I need to log in?

IPVM conducts unique testing and research funded by member's payments enabling us to offer the most independent, accurate and in-depth information.

Related Reports

Camera Resolution Usage Statistics 2020 on Mar 12, 2020

The average resolution used, for new cameras, is now 4MP, according to new IPVM statistics, continuing the rise that we have mapped from 2014,...

Phone Camera Calculator Released on Mar 10, 2020

IPVM has released the first-ever Phone Calculator, video surveillance design software that you can use on your phone, without installing an...

Video Surveillance Cameras 101 on Feb 25, 2020

Cameras come in many shapes, sizes and specifications. This 101 examines the basics of cameras and features used in 2020. In this report, we...

Camera Field of View (FoV) Guide on Nov 13, 2019

Field of View (FoV) and Angle of View (AoV), are deceptively complex. At their most basic, they simply describe what the camera can "see" and seem...

Camera Focusing Tutorial on Oct 14, 2019

Camera focus is fundamental to quality imaging. Mistakes can significantly reduce details, making cameras less effective. In this guide, we...

Lens Iris Tutorial on Aug 08, 2019

Cameras, like humans, have irises, controlling the light which hits the imager and impacting image details. However, cameras have multiple types of...

Lens Focal Length Tutorial on Jul 10, 2019

3mm, 6mm, 2.8 - 9mm, 5 - 50mm, etc. Camera specifications often list lens lengths but what do they mean? These metrics are important in...

Avigilon 32MP and 12MP H4 Multisensor Cameras Tested on Jun 11, 2019

Avigilon has released their H4 Multi-Sensor line of cameras claiming "broad scene coverage and high image detail" We bought and tested the...

Panasonic 32MP Multi Imager Camera Tested (WV-X8570N) on May 16, 2019

Panasonic has released their first multi imager models including the 32MP (4x4K) WV-X8570N, claiming "Extreme image quality for evidence capturing...

Dahua Repositionable IR Multi-Imager Camera Tested on Apr 16, 2019

Dahua has released their first repositionable multi-imager camera, the Multi-Flex 4x2MP, claiming integrated IR, true WDR, and flexible...

Most Recent Industry Reports

Embedded Logix Thermal Temperature Detection System Examined on Apr 08, 2020

Embedded Logix has been producing thermal temperature measurement systems for industry and fire detection for over 10 years. Now, they are entering...