How X-Ray Weapon Scanners Work
X-rays have long been used to identify weapons both in objects and on people, though the technology's usage for people screening is declining significantly.
In this tutorial, we explain the technology behind X-ray Body Scanners, their advantages and disadvantages, and the current state of the market, including:
- X-rays fundamentals
- History Of X-ray Body Scanners
- Two Types Of Body Scanners
- Trade-offs With Different Scanners
- X-Ray Scanners Vs. Metal Detectors Vs. MW Body Scanners
- X-ray Body Scanners Phasing Out
- Companies In The Field
X-rays ************
*-**** **** ************ ******** ** ****** ****** ********* ******* *******, *** received * ***** ***** *** *** discovery. ******* ******* *** *** **** exactly **** ** **********, *** **** "X-ray" *** ****.
*-**** *** *************** ***** **** **** energy *** ***** *********** (**** ** ********** ** ** **********). ** *** *************** ******** *-**** lie ******* *********** *** ***** **** (the **** ********* ***** ** *** spectrum), ** ***** *****:
***** *** *********, *-**** **** ***** numerous ************ - ** ********, ******** screening, ****** ******* ********* **************, ***. X-rays *** ** **** *** ****** detection *** **************** *** ** *** different ********** *** *********** *************** ** various *******.
*** ****** *** ****** ** *** higher *** ****** ******, *** **** the ******'* ********* *** ******* **** X-ray ******* *** ****** ****, ********* in ********* ******** ** *** *-*** image.
*-**** *** ********* *** * **-****** X-ray ****:
** *-*** **** ** * ****** tube **** * ****** ******** ***** inside ** ** *** * *******-***** pair ****** ******** **** *****. *** cathode ** ****** ** ** ******** current ******* ******* **. *** **** in *********** ***** ********* ****** *** cathode **** *********. **** ** **** are **** ** ****** *** ******* (this ******* ** ****** ********** ********) and ***** *** ****** ****** *** tube. **** *** ********* *** ** the ****, ** ******** ***** *********** them ******* *** ***** (******* ** the **** ** * ******** *****).
** *** **** ********* ***** *** anode **** *** ****** ********* *** their ********* **** *** ***** ***** to ** ******** ** ******* (*** emission ** *** ** ********** ** quantum *********). ***** ******* *** *-*** photons. *** ** ********* **** *** electrons, *** *****'* ************ **** - to ******** **** ***** ** ******** so ********* ***** ** *** ***** will ****. ************, *-*** ******** ****** have ******* *******.
X-ray **** ********
*** ***** *-*** **** *******, ****** 1000, *** ******** ****. ****** *. *****, * ** ********* *** ********** engineer ** ****. *****, *** ********** was **** ** ******** *******. *******, it *** *** ***** *** ************"********* *******"** **** ********* *** **** ******** ** *-*** body ******** ** ** ********.
***** *** *** **** ***** ** X-ray **** ******** - ************** (****** 1000 ** *** *******) *** ************ scanners. ***** **** ******* *** ****** imaging ******* ********* *-****, ***** *** fundamental *********** ** *** ***** ******* operate, *****, ** ****, ***** ** implementation *****-****.
Backscattering ********
* ************** *-*** **** ******* ***** by ************ * ****** **** ***-****** X-rays *** *********** *** ********* *****. The ******** *** * ***** *********** coefficient *** *-**** *** ********* ** transparent *** ****, **** ****** *** concealed ****** *********.
*** ****** *-**** **** * ***** penetration ***** *** ******* **** ******* the ********. *********, ** ***** ** scan **** ***** ** * ******'* body ************** ******* ***** ** **** two ******** ****-******** ***** ****** ** opposite ***** ** ***** *****. ******* alternative ** ** ******* * ****** to ****** ****** ********, *******, **** approach ** *** ****** ****.
Transmission ********
************ ******** *** **** ********* ****** illumination *********** ******** ********* ** ***** ********** ************** ********. *** ****** ****** of *** *-**** ****** **** ** transmit ******* *** **** *** * transmitted ********* ** ** ********. *********, transmission ******** **** **** *** **** and ******** ***, ************, *** **** compact **** ************** *******.
*****-****
*** ****** ****** ** *** *-**** of *** ************ ******* ****** *** cavity *********, ***** ** *** ******** with ************** ******** *** ** ************ penetration *****.
*** ****** ****** ** *** ********* allows *** * ******* *** **** bulky ******, ** ***** ** ** need *** *** ********* *-*** ***** and ******* *** **** *** **** and *** ********.
** *** ***** ****, *** ****** energy ** *** ********* ****** **** health ******** **** **** ** ********* in **** ****** *****.
X-Ray ******** **. ***** *********
***** ********* *** ************* **** ********* than *-*** **** ******** - * metal ******** *** **** **** **** $5,000 *** ** *-*** ******* *** cost$***,*** *** ******. ***** ********* *** ** * times ******* (*** ** *** ***** *********.** ** *** ******* ***** ********) **** * ******* ********* *** are **** ****** ******** (**** ***** detectors *** ** ****** **** ****** at *** ****** ** *** ******** planes).
*-*** **** ******** *** ************ ***** detectors *** ******** ** ** ***-**-*-**** systems, *** *** *-*** ******* ** slower (**** *****'* ******* ******** *** *** ****) *** ******** * ****** ** be ********** ****** *** ******** *********.
************, *** *-*** **** ******* *** at ***** ***** ********** ******** ** metal *********:
- *** ******* ** ****** ***-******** *******.
- **** ****** *********.
- ****** ****** ************.
**********-**** **** ********, ** *** ***** hand, **** **** ************ ** *-*** scanners - **** *** ****** ******* technologies ******* ** ********* **** ******** and ***-******** ****** *******, **** *-*** and ** ********* *** *****, **** are ********* (** *** ***** ** hundreds ** *********), **** ******* * person ** ** **********.
*** ********** ***:
Health ********
******* **** ******** *-*** ********* ***** scanners **** *** ****** * ****** of ******** **** *** ****** ***** the ********* ****** ******. ********* **** the *-*** **** ******** *** **** linked ** **** ****** *** ***** types ** *******, ********** ********** ****** *** ******* *********.
*******, ******** ******* *** **** *-*** scanners *** **** *** ***** ******, with *********** ******* ** ********* ********** **** the ********** ** ****:
* ******** ***** **** ** ********** 100 *********** ***** *** **** ** reach **** **** ******** ** * Negligible ********** ****. *** ******** ******* of ********* (***) ****** **** **** conclusion. ** ***** ************, * ******** would ******* **** **** *,*** **** scans ** * **** ** ***** the ********* **** ***** ** *** standard ***** *-***.
Privacy ********
*-*** **** ******** *********** ********** ** *** ********** ******* ********. **********-**** **** ******** experienced *** **** *******, *** ********* were **** ** ***** ** **** an ********* ****** ********* ****** *********** (ATR). *** ********* *********** "*********" ****** for *********-**** ********* **** ** ********** where ** ******* *** ********.
******** ******* (*** ************ ** *** scanners ** * ****), *******, *** not **** ** **** *** *** deadlines *** ******* *** ******* ***** resulted ** ******* ** ** **** ********.
X-ray ****** ********* ******* ***
*** *** *** *** ******* ***** X-ray ******* *** ***** **** ****** *-*** *********** ***** ********:
** *****not ** **** ************ ********' ****** *** ******, only security scanners which do *** *** *-*** ********** are added to the list of authorized methods for passenger screening at EU airports. [emphasis added]
Luggage/Cargo *-*** *********
***** ****** ********* ** ***** ****** out, *-**** *** ***** ******** **** to ****** *******/******* *** ********/****. *** example, *** **** ***** ** * type ** *-*** ******** **** ** many ********:
*** **** **** ***** ** **** for *-*** ******** ** ********:
**** ** *** ******* *** ****-****** systems **** *** ***** *** ******** X-ray ***** **** *** ********* ********. The *** ** *** ********* ******** allows *** ****** ** ****** **** information ** *** *** ********* ** absorbed *** ********* ** ********* ********. Such ******* ***** *** ****** ************** (metallic, *******, *** ***-*******) *** ***** coding *** ******* ********** ********* ** airports.
*** *******, * ******* ****-****** ********** **** ** ******** ** *** DEXA ********** ******* *** ********* *** ******* of ***** ** *** ***** ****.
********* ** *** *****
******** *******,****** *********,***** ************** (******** ********), ***. *** *** ********* **** are ************* *-*** ******* *** *******/*****, vehicle/rail, *** ****** *********.
******, ************ ***., *********, ********, ********, IDSS **** *** **** ******* ** this *****.