So how will UL address this product ?
Wi-Fi Security And Safety Motion Detection Tutorial
Published Jul 28, 2023 14:01 PM
Wi-Fi-based motion detection is an emerging technology that uses now ubiquitous Wi-Fi to detect motion for security, safety, and awareness purposes. But how does it work, and what are its limitations?
In this report, based on our interview with multiple providers and review of scientific papers and patents, we examine Wi-Fi motion detection technology, including its origins, technological backbone, pros, cons, and implementation considerations.
Executive *******
**-**-***** ****** ********* **** ******** **-** infrastructure ** ****** ******* ** *** RF ************* *** *********** ***** *** devices ** ***'* **** **** ****** detectors, **** *********** *** **** ** install ****** *********, **** ** *** sensors. **-**-***** ****** *********, *******, ***** with *** *****-****, ********** ** *** table *****:
**** **** **** ********* (********* ******** and ********) *** ***** ******** *********, such ** *******, ******* ********** **-** motion ** ***** ** **** ********, and * ***** ****** ** ********** an ******* **** **-** ******** **** would ********* **** ******* ************ ** integration, **-** ****** ** ********* ********** to *****. *******, *********** ********* ***********, such ** ***** ****** *** **** of ******* **** *** ****** *** motion, *** ***** *********' ***** ** deploy **-** ******-***** *********.
Wi-Fi ****** ********* *********
**-** ****** ********* ********** ** *** last ******.*** ******** ********** *** ********* ** *** ********** was ***** ********** ************** ** *** *** **********,***** ****, ******* ******, ****** "*** ******* ***** **** WiFi!" ***** ****** ***** ****** ******** and *******-**** ******* ***********. **** **** calls *** **.*. ****** "**** *** theoretical *** ********* *********** *** ********/**** sensing", ** *** ******* ***** *****:
****** *** **** ****, ******* ***** research ****** ***** *** *** ** Wi-Fi *** ****** ********* **** *********, and *** **** ********* ** **-** motion *********,********* *******(****) ********* ******** **(****), **** *******.
*** **** ********** ** *********, *** our **************** ******* **-** ****** ********* *******.
Wi-Fi ****** ********* **********
**-** ****** ********* ********** **** **-** communication ******* *** **-** ******* *** routers/Wi-Fi *********/**. ** ******** ******* ** their ************ ****** ** *** ********* to ****** *** ******.
********* ***** **-** ******** ***** ***** *****, **-** ****** ********* ********* ******** additional ******** ********* ** *** ****** to **** *** ******* ************ **** a ***** ************ ******. ** ****, the ** ******** *** ******** *****, as*********'* '**** ***************.
** * ***** ****, **-** ******* between ** ** *** ** *** device ********* ***** **** ********* *****, both ****** *** ******** (********* ****** multi-path). ***** ***** *** ** *********** or ******* ** ***** ** ******** present, ** *** ******* ***** *****:
*** * ***** ********* ********* (*** Wi-Fi ************* *** **** ***** * vast ****** ** ***** ***********), *** changes ** *** ****** **** **** inherently **** ** ******* ** *** electromagnetic **** ***************, **** ** ********* and/or *****. **** ** ***** *** be ********** ** *** **, *** by ********* ***** *******, *** *** detect ********, ** ********* ********* ** its'**** ******.
***** *********** *** ** ***********, ** the ******* ***** **-** ******* ********** *****. **** ******* ***** *** amplitude ** *** ******* ***** *********** or *** (**** ******** *** ******** of * ******** *******) ** * test **** ******** *** ** *** one ***-******:
*** ********* ******* ***** ***** **** how * ***** ************* ******* ****** to ******.
No ********* ********
**** **-** ****** ***** *********** ** top ** ******** **************, ** ********** the **** ** ******* ********** ********* hardware (**** ** *** ******** ** PIR *********, ******, ** ******). *** Wi-Fi ****** ********* ********** *********** ***** a ****** *** ****** * ****** sensor.
Wi-Fi ****** ********* **. *** ****** *********
*** ******* *** *** ************ ******** for ********* ****** ******, *** **-**-***** motion ********* *** ***** * ****** of **********, ********* ** ****-**-***** ***********, and **** *********, *** *******, *********, market ***** ********** ** * ****** alternative ** ***, ** *** ******* confirmed ** ****:
[Q] Does Cognitive market/recommend Wi-Fi-based motion detection instead of conventional motion detectors (such as PIR sensors)?
[A] Yes, it has many advantages over traditional sensors such as PIR including working without line-of-sight and in low-light conditions. Also, by utilizing the devices already in the home, it can be a more cost-efficient solution. Wi-Fi Sensing can also provide more valuable insights than PIRs, as it has more context available and can therefore unlock insights that PIR sensors cannot.
*** ******* **** ** ******** ********, so ********'* ***** ***** ********** ** "low-light **********" ** *** **********. ****-**-***** requirement **** ***** *******, ** *** other ****, ** *****.
** ****** *******, **-**-***** ****** ********* can ********** *** ******* *** ****** home ******** ************ *****.
Wi-Fi ****** ******* ******* ******** ********
***** ***** ****** **** *** ***** access ** *** ******* *********** ***** (CSI), * ******** *** **-** *******, a ****** ** *** **** *********, including *************************, ******* **-** ******* ** ***** in **** ********, ** ********* **** IPVM:
[**-** *******] ** * *** ******** but *** *** ***** [**** *********] are ******** ** [***, *** ******** for **-** *******] ** *** ** their *** ********
* ***** **'* **** ** **** an ***** ********** [** *** **** chip ********* ******* **-** ******] *** I ***** *** * ********** *** growing. ** ********* ****'* **** ** go **** *** **** ******* [** existing *****] ******* ****'* ******* **** those ***** ** *********.So ***** ********, ********** ** ***** ** ** **********. *** ** ** ** * *** ****** ********** ** ********* **********. **-** * ** **** ** **/** ** ******* *** **** ******* ******* ** ******* ** *** **** ** ** ** **** "**, ****'* * ****** *******, **'** *** ***** ** ******* **". For example, Broadcom doesn't support Wi-Fi sensing in general on Wi Fi 5, but Qualcomm does. [emphasis added]
****** **** *****************,*******, ******** *** *******'* ******** **** ******* Wi-Fi ******* ******* ***.
*"**/**" ******* ** **-** ****** ******* amongst **-** * ***** (**-** * was ******** ** ****), *** ***** the ******** ** *** **********.
**** ******** ***** ******** ** *** hardware ******* **** ******** **-** ****** providers, **** ** ******* ********: ***** ******* ***** * ******* number **** ********* *** *******, *****'* **** ******* ********* **** there *** ** ************ ** *** devices **** *** *********** ** **-** motion.
*******, *** **-** ****** *********, ***** are ************ **** **** ***** **** support **-** ******, ** ********* ************* expose *** **** ***********. *****, *** systems **** *********/****** *********** **** ********* chipsets, ** ******** **** ****. *** industry, *******, ** ******* ** * new **** ***.**** ******** (********* ** more ****** ******* ** *** ******) to **** **** ******* *** **** interoperability.
*******
**** ****** ****** ** *****/*****-***** ******** measures ** ** ** *******-*********. **-**-***** motion ********* ******** ** *********** ******** solution ******* ********* ***'* ***-**-*** **********.
*******, ** * ****** ** *** relying ** *****/*****, **-**-***** ****** ********* can **** ***** ******, ********* ** pets, ****, ***** *******, *** ***** innocuous ********* (** **** ** ******* discussed ** *** ******).
Wi-Fi ****** ******* ** *********
********* ** *** **-** ****** ********* industry ***** ***** **** **-** ****** has ** ******** ******* ** **-**, as *** ******* ***** *****:
********, ** **** *********, ********* ********* and ******, ** ***** ************ ** edge (** ********* ** ***** ********** websites), ** *** * ******* ****** on **-**. *** *******,********* ****** ** *** *******:
******* **** ****** **** ************ ** the ****, ****** *** ********** ** a **** *********** *** ** ************* impact ** ****** *******, *** *********** and **** ******** *****. **** ****** also ********* ******** **** *** *******, bypassing *** ***** ********, *** ******** the **** ** ****** *******.
**** *** *** ****** *** **-** motion ********* *********, ** ** ****** confirm *** ******** ** ***** ******.
******, ** ********* **** ****, "*** industry ***** [*** **-** ****** *********] in *****" **** ***** **** ******** rates (*** ****** *** ******** ****, the **** ******* ** *** **-**):
The ******** ** ********** ******* ******** ** ***** ** **** ** ********** *** *** **** ******** ** ******** ********** ** ***** *** **** ***********. So those are kind of things like limitations that I guess the standard puts on us, but also, it makes sense because of the application being Wi-Fi based [emphasis added]
Wi-Fi ****** ********* **************
**** **-** ******* ** ******** **-** infrastructure, **** ***** ************ **************, **** as ******** ****, ****** ********, ************, etc. ************, **-** ****** *** ***** non-W-Fi-based **************, **** ** *** ****** of ***-***** ******* **** *** ****** performance.
High ****** ** *******
* **** ****** ** *** ******* to ******** **** ******** ************* *** assign ******** ********* ** *** ********* is ****** ** ******* *** ******* insight **** **-** ******.
** * *******, *** ***** *** devices ** *** **-** ****** (** AP/router *** ** *** ******) *** three ******* *** ******** *************, ** Cognitive **** ****. **** **** *******, one ***** *** **** ******** *********** about ***** *** ****** *** ******** (i.e., ** * ****** ** ******** near * ***** ********* ********* ** the ******, *** ****** **** ****** a ************ **** ****** ** ******** in *** ******).
*** *******, ** ******* **** ****** ***** ********** *** *** ********** ***-****** (***** as * **** ** *** *******) can ******* ******** **-** ****** ******** area:
Issues **** *****
******** ********* ** *** ******** *** considerations, ***** ****** **** ***** ** important ****, ** ** ** ********* to ******** *** ****** **** ****** by *********. ***** ****** **-** ******* ***** ********** ** *********** ** ******** **** material ** ***** *******'* *******, *******, has *********** (*.*., ****** ****) ** 0.07dB ** *.** ***, **** ***** materials, **** ** ******* ***** (***** is ******** **** ** ******, *** WBA) *** **** ****** *********** ** 15.04 **.
******* **** **** * **** ***** impact ** **-** ****** ******** ** Masonry *****, *** * ****** ************* of ***** **** **** ******* *** increase *** ******** ****** ** **-** motion.
Detached ****** ****** ******* **. *****-**** *******
*****-**** ******* ** * **** ********* environment *** **-** ****** ******* **** detached ******-****** ******* *** ******* *******, as ****** ***** ***** *********. *****, *** ********** ** *** RF ******** ** ****** ** *****-**** housing **, *********, *** ******** ** units **** ******** **-** ******** ***** the **** ** ***** ********, ** the ***** ***** ****:
*** [*****-******** *****] ************ **** ** have * ****** ** ********** *** to ****** ******* ** ********* ******** and *** *****. ***** ** *** 2.4 *** **** *** ******* ** an *** *********** **** ****** **** challenges ** ********* ******* ***********, *** to *** ******* ****** ** ********, the **** ***********, *** ***** *********** through *** ******** **** ************ *********. Therefore, *********** ** *** * *** and * *** ******** *** ******* should ** *********.
******, ********* *** ***** **** ******** units ** *** **** ****** *********** than **-**** *****. ** ***** *****, the ****** **** ******* *** ***** is ***** **** ****** *** ****. This ***** **** ** ***** ****** from ****** ** *********** *****, ** Cognitive **** ****:
** *** ********** *** **** ***** of ******* ***** ****** ******* ***'** picking ** **** ******** ******* *** wall ** **** ** ******** *****.
False ***** *********
********* *** ******* *** *********/******** ****** (e.g., **** * ***** ****** ** fans), *** ***** ********* ******* ** an ********* **** ** **-** ****** that *** ** "******", ** ******** companies **** ****.
*** *******, ********* **** **** "******** that ***** ******" *** ****** *** system, *********, ****, ***********, ******* ** it ** ******* ***** ** * window:
******* **** *** **** ******* ****'** just, **** **** **** ********. **'* easier ** ****** *** *** **** fans, * ***'* **** ***** ****, are **** **** ********* **** ******. And **** *** **** ******* ******, I *******, ***** * ***. **** down ** **** * *** ** your **** **** ***** ********* *********. You ***** **** * **** ***** outside ** * ****** *** ** you **** * ****** ***** **** it, ** ***** *********** **** **** up.Really, ******** **** ***** ****** *** ****** **. So trying to look at all these numbers and figure out which one's a human that's maybe far away from a device so it looks small in terms of the actual disruption versus something that's very close to a device that has the same kind of amplitude, but it's just a tiny little movement. So ****** ** ****** ************* ***** ** **'* ***** ******. [emphasis added]
*********, *** ********** ** ************** ******* human *** ***-***** ****** *** *********** to **** ** ******:
** [******] **** * ********** *** to ************* ******* **'* ***, ******* it's * *** ***, ***** *** or * ***. **** ************* ***********, and **'** ******* ** ****.But **'* *********, ******, **** *** *** *** *** **** *** ******, *** **** [** ****] **** **** **** ****. And that's kind of where we're at right now. [emphasis added]
Wi-Fi ****** ***********
******* ********** ** **** **-** *****, Wi-Fi ******'* **** *********** *********** *** (1) * **** ** ******* **** who ****** *** ******, (*) ******** false ******, *** (*) * **** number ** *** *******.
**-**-***** ****** ********* **** *** ***** insight **** *** ****** *** ****** (i.e., *** ** *** ** *****?) While *** *** ****** * ******* scenario (******** ******** ****** *** **** time, **** **** ****** **** ******, therefore, ** ** ****** ****), ***** is ** ********* **** **** ********** is *******. *******, **-******* **-** ****, such ** **** ******* *** ** the ******* (*.*., ***'* ****** ** Alice's *******), *** ***** **** *******. Cognitive **** **** ****, ***** **** conversations **** **** ****** ***** *** a ***** ***, **** ************ *** limited. *** ******* *******, ********'* ******* *** * ****** provider, *****, ***** ***** ****, ****** **** **-** ****** ************ and ********** **-******* ****.
* ********* **********, ** **** *****, is *** ********* ** ******, ***** uses * ******'* ****** ** * presence *****. *** **** *******, ********* ****** ******** ********* ********** ** Routers *** ******** ******, **** *******,****** ********, ********* & **** ********* Profile.
***** ****** ********* ** ****, *******, fans, ***, ***********, ******** ** * neighboring **** (** **** ** * multi-dwelling *******) ** ******* *** ** difficult *** *** **********, ** ******** providers **** ****. *** *******, ****** told **** ****, ** ** **** 2023, **** ** *** ***** ****** filtering *** *** ******* ** ****** output (******/** ******). ***** *** ******* will ******* ******** ********* ******* ** the **** ******, ** **** **** us, *** *********** ******* ** ************** pet ********* **** ***** ********* ******* (especially ** **** ** * *** pet).
******, ****** * **** ****** ** IoT ******* (**** ** ***** **********, plugs, ***, ***********, ****** ********, *******, etc.) ***** ** * ********** *** some. *************, ***** ******* **** ** spread ****** *** ********* ** ******* located ******* ***** ******* **********. ** other *****, **** * **-** ****** detection **********, * ** *** * gaming ******* ****** *" **** **** other *** ******* ***** ** **** both **** ******** *** **** **** in *** *********/*****.
Wi-Fi ****** ************
*********, **-** ****** ********* ********* ****** several ************ *** **-** ******, ********* security, ***** ****, **** *********, *****, and ********** ***** *****.
*** *******, *** *** ******* **********'* *******:
Fall *********, *********/***** ***** ********** *** ** ******
***** **** ********* ****** **** *********, achieving **** **** **-** ****** *** be ****** ******* ** *********** * characteristic ****** ****** ** *** ************/****** position ****** ** *****, *** **** sample *** ************ ** * **** higher **** **** ******* **-** ******. This *** ********** ****** *** **-** performance, ** ********* **** ****.
****** **** **** **** ** ***** to **** **** ********* ************, *** would **** ** *** ******** ********. However, *** ******* *** *** ********* on *** ******** ******** **** **** referencing.
****** ********** *** ********* ********* *** also ** ********* *** **-**-***** **********, as ***** ************ ******* **** ******* resolution. ********* **** *** ********** ****** Wi-Fi ***********.
Wi-Fi ****** ************
**** ********* ***** ****** ************ **** other ***** *******, **** ** ********, thermostat, ***., ** ******** **** ********* (such ** ******** *** *********** **** no *** ** **** ** ******* on *** ****** **** ******* ****** the *********).
Current *********
******* *** *********, ********* ******* (******* ***** **** ****),*****, *** ******, ***** **-** ****** capabilities.
***** *** ***** *** **** ********* on *** ********, *******'* ******** *** a *** ***** ** *** ** the **** ********* **-** ****** ********* feature, ********* ****** ******* *** ********* them ** * ******** ********, ** the ******* ***** *****:
IEEE ***.**** ********
** ****,** **** **** ************ * *** **-** ********, ***.****, to *********** **-** *******. **** ******** is ********* ***** ***** *****(********* ** *** '**), *** *** final ******* ** ********* ** ** released ** *** *** ** ****, according ****** ************** *********'* ******** ** ****.
**** ****** *** ********* **** **** that **** ******* ** * ***** increase ** ******** **** *** ******** is ****, **** ****** ********** **** the ********** **** ****** "**** * brush ****". ** *******, *******, ***** released ********* ** *** ****** **** the *********** **** ******** ********* *******. For *******, *** *** ****** ** Matter *** **-** ***** -* ******** ** ****** ******** ******** Examined******* ***** *** ** ******* ********. ** *** ***** ****, * proliferation ** **-**-***** ******* *** *** sheer ***** ** **** ********* *** significantly ******** *** ***********.
************, ** ********* **** ****, ********* that *** ******** **-** ****** ***** now *** ********** ***** ********* ** such * *** **** ** **** within *** ******** ********** ** *** upcoming ********, ** ****, ****** **** a **** *****:
**** ******** ** ***** ** **** things ********* ******, *** *** ******** of **-** ******* ** *** ********* on **** ********. **** ** *** large ********* **'** ******* ** ***** now **** *********** ** ***** ** the ******** ******* ** *** **** that **'** ******* ***** **** **** the ********* ***** ** ** * bonus ** ***.
Providers
***** *** * *** ********* ** the ***** ** **-** ****** *********, including (** ************ *****):
- ******(******,** *********** ********)
- ********* *******(******,** *********** ********)
- ****** ********(**,** *********** ********)
**** ***** ** ** ******* ******* on ** ***** **** ** ***** companies.
Comments (1)
JE
Jim Elder
Aug 01, 2023