Public Key Open Credential (PKOC) Access Control Standard Examined

Published Mar 06, 2024 12:53 PM

Proprietary access control formats (such as HID iClass SE and Seos) are significant barriers to interoperability. The PSIA's Public Key Open Credential (PKOC) effort aims to provide an open standard for mobile credentials and smart cards, but how ready is it?

IPVM Image

This report, based on an interview with PSIA's Executive Director David Bunzel, shares their approach and our assessment of its potential.

Related, see our examination of Wavelynx's LEAF initiative, which we also contrast herein to PKOC.

Executive *******

** *** *********** ******** **** **** need ** ** ******** *** **** to **** ***** **********.

****'* ****** *** **** ********** (****) initiative ****** ** *********** ******, ********* access ******* *********** *** **************** ****** different ******* ******* ******* ** *********** products. ******* *** **** ******** **** enhanced ******** **** ********** **********, **** faces *********** **********, ********* ********* ********* concerns **** ******** *******, **** ******* bi-directional ************* **** ******* *** ********* efficiency ****** ** **********-****** ********** *** to ********** *********. **** ******* ******** adoption *** *** ******* **** *** and ******** *** ** ********* **** standards, *** **********'* ******* ****** ** broader ********** *** ************** ****** *** access ******* ********.

Physical ******** **************** ******** (****) **********

**** *** ******* ** ****, ****** ** ******** ******** ******** technology ********* *** ***** ************ ********. Bunzel **** **** ***** ********* *** developed ** "****** **************** *** **********."

*** **** *** ******* ***** ** years ***, *** *** ********* *** to ******* ********* *** *** ******** security ********. ** ***** ** ***** the ******** ***** ****** ********* ** foster **************** *** **********.

**** ******** *** *********** *********,********* **** ***** **** * ****** ago. *******, **** *** *** ****** adopted, ******** *** *** ** ****** ********* race. ******** **** ** ***** ****** standards *** "********** * ****** ************* *** ** longer *** ****** ***********," ****** ****, ************* * ******* standard ****** ***** ***** ****'* "********** to ******* **********."

** ********* *** **** ********* **** we **** **** ** *********** *** first *** *** ******* *** *** that ******* ****** *****, ******* *** commitment ** ******* ********** ** ******** security ************.

**** ***** **** ******* ** ********** standards *** ****** *******, ********* *** gap ** ***** *********.

** ******** **** ****** ******* *** something **** ***** ** **** *** in *** ***** ***********, ********* ** to ***** *** ******* ** ********** standards ************ *** ****** ******* ** ensure ************* ******** ********.

Physical ******* ****** **************** (****) *************

**** ******** *** **** ************* ** 2013, ********* * *****-********* ****** *** multiple **** **** *** ***** **** credential *********** ****** ********* ******* *** invoke/revoke **** **********. ****** **** **** PLAI (********** "****") ** **** ** normalize **** ****** ******* ********* *** enhance ****************.

** *** *** ************* **** *** drawn *** ** ** ****** ****, which ** *** ******** ******* ****** interoperability ****. *** ** *** ************ for **** ** **** ********* **** access ******* ******* *** ****** * PLAI *******, ******** **** ** ***** data ****** ********* *********, ***** ********** data *** ******** ****** ****************.

*** ****-***-*-****-****** **** ***** ******* *** PLAI ******** *** *** ** ** used ****** ********* ********:

***** **** *** **** ********** *** over * ******, **** **** *** companies *** **** *********, ********* *******, JCI *-****, ******* ******, *** **** Symmetry.

IPVM Image

*** ******** ** ** **** **********, manufacturers **** ******* ***** *** ******* and ****** ***** ******* ** ****. Self-reported ******* ***** * ******* **** of ****** ***** ***********.

Public *** **** ********** (****) **********

**** ********** *** ******* ** **** to "******* ****** ********* ****** ********** **************** without ********** ** * ****** ****** product **** ** ******* *****." **** ******* **********/********* ********* *** mobile *** *** ***********, ******* **** Wiegand, ****, ** *** *******,********* ** **** *************.

**** **** ** **** ************** ****** from ***** *********** ** ********* ** open ******** *** ************* ****** ******* systems.

****, ****** *** **** **********, ***** a *********** ***********. **** ******** ************* us ** **** ***** ***** *** is **'** ** **** ************, ********* to ******** **** ****** *** ************* access ******* *******.

**** ******** ******** ** * *****, as ******* ******** *******:

  • *** ****** ****** ********* *** ****** and ******* ****
  • *** ******* *** ** ****** ** the ****** ** *** ************ ***
  • *** ****** *** ** ****** **** the *** ** *** **** ** the ****/********** **
  • *** **** ********* *** ****** *** to *** ********* ****** *******.

IPVM Image

PKOC **** ************ ** *******

****** **** **** **** **** **** OSDP ** *** ******** ** *** base **************, *** ** *** **** document *****, ** ***** **** *******.

**** **** ****... **'* *** ******** in *** **** **************, *** ** represents *** **********'* ************ ** ******* system *************.

***** **** ****** *****-********* **** *** transmit ****** **** ** ****** ******* over *******, **** ** ********* ** its ********* *********. ******* ******* ******* do *** ******* ***-*** **** ******** and **** ******** ******* **** **** from ******* ** ***********, *** **** versa. *********, ***** ******* ** ******* their ******* ** **** ***** **** to ****** ***** **** *************, ******** readers ** **** *** ********** ***** systems ** *** *****.

Asymmetric ********** ** ****

********** **********, **** ***** ** ****** key **************, **** ****** *** ******* keys ** ******* ************* ******* *** devices. ** ****** *******, **** ********** is **** ******* *** *********** *** readers.

**** ******* *** ********** **********, ****** the ****** ********** ********* ****** *** private ****. *** ******* **** *** stored ****** *** ****** ******, ******* the ****** **** *** ****** **** PACS *** ******* ******* *** *****. When ***** *** ***** *********** ** the *******, *** **** **** ** encrypted **** *** ******* *** ****** on *** ****** *** ********* **** the ****** *** ****** ** *** reader.

****** **** **** **** ********** ********** is **** ****** **** *********, ***** is *** ****** ********** ****** **** in ****** *******.

********** ********** ** ***** ** ** a *** **** ****** **** *********. Most ** *** ************** ***** *** symmetric, ******* ****'* ******** ******** *******.

*** **** ******** ***** **** **** encryption ***** ** ********* ** *****, even ****** ** ** ****-******.

*** ********** ********** **'** ******* ** would ** ****** ********* ** *****, even ****** ** ***** ** ****, highlighting ****'* ****** ******** ********.

PKOC ********** **. ****** ********

****** ******* ******* ******** ******* ********* encryption *** **** ************* ******* *********** and *******. *********** **** **** *** DESFire *** / *** *** ***-*** to ******* **** **** **** * private ***, ***** ** **** ********* by * ****** ***** * ****** access ******. ** ****, ****** ***** use ****** **** **** ***** ****, anyone **** ****** ** * *** can **** ***** *********** (****** *** ****** *** ***** **** HID **** *** ******* ****). ***-*** ********** **** ** ***** credentials ** ********* *********** ***** ************ computing *******.

*** ********* ** ********* ********** *** physical ****** ******* ** *** ********** and *****. ***** *********** *** ******* a ********* **** * ****** ** a ******** ** * ******, ******** efficient ****** ******* ************. ** **********, asymmetric ********** ***** **** ******** *******, as *** ****** *** ***** ** be *********** *** *****/**** ** *** reader ** ******* *** *********** ****.

*** **** ******** *** *** ******* our ********* ********* ***** ********** ******* limitations *** ******** ****** *******.

***** ********** ********** ******** ** ********** layer ** ******** ** ***** ********* keys, *** ****** ********** **** ** a ******** *** ****** ******* ************. However, ********** ********** ** **** **** NFC / ****** ********** ************ *** secure ******* (*** ** *** / Apple ***, ***.) ** ******* ***** banking ************. ****, ***** ****** *** physical ****** ******* **** ********* **********.

Mobile ***********

**** ************* ***** *** ******** ******** both************ ***********. **** ********* * *** ******** for ******, ********* ************* ** ******* their *** **** *** *** *** Android *********.

No ******** ******* / ********** ************

*** *** ************, ****** **** **** that **** **** *** ******* * specific *******. *******, ****** *** *** specify ***** **** ************ *** *********.

** ******** ******* ** ******** *** PKOC, ****** ** * ********* *** adaptable ******** *** ******* ****** ******* systems *** ************.

*** **** ******** ***** **** **** can ** **** ** *********** **** other **** ************ ** *** **** credentials.

**** *** ** ** * **** with ***** ************ ** ****, ******** for ******** *** *************** ************* *********.

***** **** ****** ** ******** ******* requirement, ** ***** ** ********* *** credentials ** **** ***** ****** *** processing ** ******* **** ****** *** private ****. *********, **** ***** ** limited ** *********** **** ****** ******, which ****** *** **** ** ******** credentials.

PKOC *******

**** ******* ***** ******** ******* ****** control *************, ********* **** *****, ********, JCI, *******, *** ********.

IPVM Image

**** ***** ***** **** ***** / HID's *** ********'* *********** **** ****, Bunzel **** ***** ********* **** **** on *** ***** *** ***** *** have *** *********** **** ********* ***.

** **** *** [**** *****, ********] on *** ***** *** ****, **** years... **** **** **** ***** ***** be ********* ** **** ***** ** time **** ******** ****, ********** *** initiative's ******* *********.

**** **** *** ****** *** ** implement **** ********* **** ***** ************ technologies, **** ******** ********* *** *** LEAF ******** (****** ******** **** **** **** ** Break *** ****** ****-**).

****** **** **** **** *** ** the ******* ********* ** *** **** standard.

***... ****'** **** ******** *** ******* cheerleader *** **, ************* *** ******** support *** *********** ** *** ***********.

Low ******** ********

**** **** ** **** *** ******* closely **** *** ******** ** ******* the *********.

**'** ******* **** ******* **** *** consultants *** *********** *********... ******* *********** in *** ******** *** **** **** aware ** **** **'** *****, *********** our ******** *** ************* *******.

*******, **** ********** ** **** ***** than ***** ************ (*.*., ***'* **** or ********'* ****). ****** **** **** deployments *** ** **** ** ********* of *****.

**** ** * ********** *** *************... Some ** *** *********** *** ** the **** ** ********* ** *****, indicating *** ******* ********** *** ************** in *** ********.

PKOC *******

**** ****** $* **** *** *** *** mobile **********, ** *********** ***-****/**** *** for ***/****** ****** **********, *** * $4 ** $* ***-**** *** *** card. ***** ****** *** ********** ** other *************, ****** **** *** ************* cheaper.

** **********, **** ** * **** initiative **** ** ********** **** ** manufacturers (****** ******** **** **** **** ** Break *** ****** ****-**).

*******

***** **** ****** ****** ******** ******* asymmetric **********, **** ***** **** ********** / ****** ********* ******, ***** **** be *** ******* ******* ** ********. If **** *** ******** ***** ************* like ***, ********, *** ******** ** adopt **** *********, ** *** *******. Otherwise, *** **** ********** ***** *** up **** ****'* ** ****** *********, defunct *** ** *** ********.

Comments (19)
JH
John Honovich
Mar 06, 2024
IPVM

****, **** ****!

** ********* *** **** ********* **** we **** **** ** *********** *** first *** *** ******* *** *** that ******* ****** *****, ******* *** commitment ** ******* ********** ** ******** security ************.

**** * ********** ***********, * ***** with ***. **** ****** *** ******** Axis, ****, *** ***** ** ****** their *** ***** ******** (*.*., *****). Also, **** **** * **** ************ while ***** **** ****, **** **** technologists ********** ****. *******, *** ***** market ***** ** ****, ****, *** Bosch **** ******** ******* ** ******* adoption. ***** *** *** ******* **** proponent ** **** ** **** **** but **** **** *** ***** ** camera *********.

(3)
UI
Undisclosed Integrator #1
Mar 06, 2024

**** **** *******, *** ******* **'* via **** ** **** ***** ********** as ** ******** ** **** ** move **** **** ***** ******* *** a ****** ** * ******* **. A *** ***** ******** **** **** to ** *** **** ******.

* ***** ****** **** ******* ** how ****** *********** ***** ***********, **** the **** *** ********* **** ***** be **** *** *** *** ********* to *** **** *** **** ** the *****/******. ** **** ** *** case, * ***'* ***** ***** **** be * *********** ******** ** *****.

** ** ******* *******, *** **** way * ***** *** **** ********* is **** ** *** ****** ****** passes *** ********* **** ** *** panel **** *** ***** ******* *** public *** *** ********** *** **********.

(2)
UM
Undisclosed Manufacturer #2
Mar 06, 2024

* **** ** ************ *********** **** this ***** ******** ********* ** **** along *** ******* **** ********* **** adopted **. ** ***** **** ******* example ** ******** ************* ******* ** create ** ******** ********** **** ***** technically ****, **** *** *** *** meaningful ****** ********.

***** ***** **, **** *** ****** hardware **** *** **** ****** ** 2020 *** ***** ** ********. *** haven't ********* ******* **? ** ** hard ** *********? ** ***** ** real ******** ******* ************* *** *** supporting **? ** ** ******* ***** is ** ***** ****** **? ** it ******* ***** ** ** ******* to ******* **? *** *** **** 3 ** * *****, ***** *** been * ******* ********* ** **** at *** *** *** **** ****** attend ** **** ***** ****, *** still ** ******** *******.

(1)
(3)
(1)
(1)
JC
John Cassise
Mar 07, 2024

*********** ************, ******* *** **** *** if *** **** **** * ****** opinion *** ** *** ******** **** name? ** ******. ** ***** **** to *** ******** ******* ******** ** the **** **** ** ****** *** best ******* ******** ********. *** **** that **** *** ***** **** *** you *** *** **** ******* ** the **** ****** ** *** **** that ** *** ****** *** **** and ***** ** *****.

** ************ *** ********** **? **** is ********* *** ****. ** ********* have ** ***** ** ********* ******** either ********* ** **** ** ** available **** **** *************** ******. ** fact ** *** ** ** ***** or ****** *** ****** **** *** will **** ********* **** *********** ********* to ******** *** *** *** ** cost. ***** **** **** ** ******* different ******** ******* *** ** *** box **** **** *** ***** ************** with ** *** ****** ** *** connecting ****.

** ** *** **** ******** ***** be ******* **. ** ******* ** take ** **** **** *** ******* it *** **** *** ******* ** was ****, ******* ** ***** ** transformative, ******, *************, ********, *** ****** because ** *** ***** *** *** industry. ** **** *** ******* ****** if ** *** ***** *** ******, not **** *********** *****.

(2)
(1)
(2)
Avatar
Steve Bell
Mar 07, 2024

** **** ******** ********** **** **** also ******* **************** ** *** ** our ********'* ******* **********.

** ********* ** **** *********** *** own ********** *** ********** ***** ** a **** *** ************* (***** *** been ********* ***** *** **** ************* processes). ** **** ******* * *** protocol *** *** ** *** *** Android *** * *** ******** **** is *** ********* ****** ** *******.

** **** ********* *** ****** ** publishing *** ************* *** ******** ***** manufacturers ** ******* **. *** ********** model *** ************ ** *** **** diagram *****. ** ******** *** **** for ***** ************* ** ******* *** mobile ******* ********** ***** ** ***********.

** * *** ** ************ ** not **** **** *** **** *** and *** ********** ** **** ** a ***** *** *** *** ********** issuance **** ***** ** *** **** diagram ***** *** ******** ******* **** need ** **** ******** ** **** it ******. **, ** ******* ** not ****** ***** ** ******* **** mobile **********, ** ** ******* ***********. We **** ****** ** *********** ******** and ******** ** **** *** ***** have * **** **********. *** *** asymmetric ***** ********** ******** *** ***** cyber ******** ****** ** ****** ***.

* ** ******* **** **********/****** *** technology *********** ******* * ****** ***** security ********** (**** *** ******* ** NIST ** ** ***-***) ** **** you **** ********* ** ******* **** all **** ** **** *** **** symmetric *** ******/********* ***** *** ** many **** ************* *** *** *** to ** ******.

*** **** ********** ******** *** **** finalized * **** ** ** *** so ***** ** *** ***** ** be * *** ** ******* ********** it ***, *** *** ******* * mention ***** ***** **** *** *********** cost. ***** **** ******** ** ************* is **** **** ** **** * business **** **** *** ********** **** have * *******, *** *** ** the ******** **** ** *** **** is ** ********* ** ** **** standard ** ***** ** * ***** 22 ********* ** **** ******* ** it *** ** ** *** ********* currently ** **** *************.

(3)
(4)
Avatar
Jason Ouellette
Mar 07, 2024

***** *** ***** *** **** ******** and ********! **** **** *** **** great ******.

Avatar
Jason Ouellette
Mar 07, 2024

*******: ************ *** ************* ********* **** Interview

** *** ******** ** *** ***** for ****, * ***** **** ** express ** ********* ** **** *** conducting ** ********** ********* **** ***** Bunzel ** *** ***** ** *** Public *** **** ********** (****). **** coverage ***** * ******* **** ** fostering ********, *********, *** ******* ****** our ********.

**** ********* *** ********* *********, *’* like ** ******* * *** ****** related ** ****. ***** *** ********, let’s *********** *** *******: **** ********* haszero ********** *********. There’s no need to sugarcoat this fact or view it through rose-colored glasses.* ***** **** ****** *** **** personal **** ** **** ** **** changing ** **** ***** **** **** be ** ******** ****-***** *********** **** customers ************, *** *** **** ** accountable ** **** *********!

*******, * ******* **** *** ******* barrier ** ********** ******** **** ** the ********** ********. ** ******* ****, we *** ******** ******* ** * bridging ********. *** **** ** ** enable *****-********** *****, ******** * ******* shift ****** **** ********** ******* ********* an ********* *********** ** *** ******** readers. **** **** ********** ** ********, encouraging ******** ******* **** ** * concern, ** ** ****** *******.

**** *** **** *** ******* ** PKOC **** *** **** ****** **************:

  1. ************* *** ************:
  • *** **** ************* **freely ********* on the Physical Security Interoperability Alliance (PSIA) website.
  • ***** *** ** ********** **** ** other ******** ********* ******.
  • ** ****** ***** ****** **** *** provide ******** ** ********** ******* ** implement **** ** ****** ****, *****, or *******. *** ************** ******* ** streamlined, ***** ****** **** ****** **** weeks ** ****** ** *&* ******.
  • ************* ** **** ************:
    • ******** ** ** ***** ** *** published *******, *** ** *********:PKOC ***** ********* * ******* *** ******* *** ********** ********** ****** ** *** ****’* ****** *******.
    • *** ******** ******* ** **** ********* in ********** ********** *** ******* *** standards **********.
    • ** *** *** ***** ** *** technical ********* ****** ***** ******* *** only *** ********** *** ******* ******** and ******* ******. ** ****** ******* and ********** ** **** ********* **** a ********** ** ********** *** ********.
    • **** ***** ******* **** ** **** and *** *************. *** **** ** a ******* **** ** **** ****, but **** *** **** **** ** license, ******* ** ***** ******* *** implementation. ************ *** ******* *** ****** to ******** ********, *** **** *** nothing ******** ** ** **** ****.
    • ********** ********** ***** ** *.*** ********* have ** ****** ******* ** * credential. ** ***********, **** ***** ****** all *.*** ***************, ***** ** * much ****** ***** **** **** ** include *******, ****** **********, *** *** still ** ** ****** ******* ** 1. ********* ********** *** ** ****** surface ** ******** ** ******** *** if *** ********** ****, *** ****** would ******* *** *** ******* *** cards **** ** **** ***, * much **** ********** ****** ******.
    • ********** ********** ** “**** ******” **** concise **** ****** **** “******” ** stated ** *** *******.
    • **** **** *** **** ** *****, PKOC *********** *********** ** * ****** securely, *** * *****. *** ********** is * “***** **** *** ********** (BYOC)” ********. *** ********** ** *** generated ** *********** ** ** **** a *****.
    • **** **** ******* ** **** ******** when *** *** ***** ***** ******* the ********** *** *** ****** *** is *** * *********** **********. **** can **** **** *** ******** ************* to ******** ****** *** ***********. ** would ****** ******* ***** **** **** secure ************** ***** ********.
    • *** ******* ******** ** ** *** the *** **** (***** **.* *************) to ****** ************* *** *** *** to *** ********** *** **** *** PKI ******** ******* *** ********** *** the **********.
    • **** ** *** *********** ** ******* or ***** ******** ******* **** *** air *** ** *** ****** ********** x.509 ********* **************. **** ** **** irrespective ** *** ************* ****** ** used.
    • **** ** ******** ** ************* ******* and *** ** **** **** ***, NFC, ***, ***.

    ***** *** **** ***** *** **** commitment ** ******** *********** *** ******** clarity. ** **** ******* ** ******* advancements ** **** ******** *** *** positive ****** ** ******** *******.

    **** *******,

    ***** *********, ******** ** *** *****, PSIA

    (4)
    (4)
    MK
    Mert Karakaya
    Mar 07, 2024
    IPVMU Certified

    ** *****,

    ***** *** *** *** *******.

    ******** ** ** ***** ** *** published *******, *** ** *********: **** NEVER ********* * ******* *** ******* the ********** ********** ****** ** *** card’s ****** *******.

    * **** ********* *** ******** ***** I ********** **** "******* ****" ******* of "****** ****"

    ***** **** ****** *****-********* **** *** transmitpublic keys to access devices over Wiegand, IPVM is skeptical of its technical viability.

    *******, ***** *** ******** ******** ** which ** ********* **** ******* **** are **** ** *** ******, *** public **** *** ****** **** ****.

    (1)
    (1)
    Avatar
    Jason Ouellette
    Mar 07, 2024

    ***** *** ****, **** ********** *** correction *** ********! ****** *** ********* grateful *** **** **** ** **** topic!

    JC
    John Cassise
    Mar 07, 2024

    *****,

    ***** ****** ** ** **** *******. You **** **** **** **** ********** and ******* ** * *** ** the ******** * *** **** * read *** ******* *** ***** ****.

    ****** **** *** ***/***** ***** **** is *** **** ******** ** *** market *** ******** ** ********** *** based **********. ** *** ****** ** does *** ****** *** ******, ***, NFC, ***, ****** ** * ***** of *******. **** ** *** **** solution **** *** *** ******** ** PKI *** ******* **** ** ***** existing **** ******* *** ************ **** rapidly ** *** ********* ** "** single ****** *******" ********.

    * ** *** **** *** ****** are ******** ** ** **** ** even *** *** ****** *********? **** look ** **** **** **, **** it **** *** **** ** ***** for *** ******** *** *** **** be *** ************. ****** *** *** players ** *** ******* ***** *** nothing ** ** **** *** ***** specifications.

    ***** ******** * ***** ** ****** how *** **** ** ** *** looking ******* ** **** ************* ****** the ********** **** ****** *** **** interoperability *** **********.

    ** *** *** *** ***** *********** manufactures, ******* **** ***** ** ** can **** ** **** *** ****** conversation.

    **** *******

    (2)
    (1)
    JH
    John Honovich
    Mar 08, 2024
    IPVM

    ***’* *********** *** *******: **** ********* has **** ********** *********. *****’* ** need ** ********* **** **** ** view ** ******* ****-******* *******. * would **** ****** *** **** ******** line ** **** ** **** ******** in **** ***** **** **** ** in ******** ****-***** *********** **** ********* commercially, *** *** **** ** *********** to **** *********!

    *****, ****** *** ********** ****. * do ****** *** ** ****** ** with ** ***** **** **** ** deployments ***** *** ** ****** *** to *** *** **** ** ***********.

    (1)
    Avatar
    Jason Ouellette
    Mar 08, 2024

    **** ****! ****** *** *** *********** to ** ****!

    EC
    Ed Chandler
    Mar 08, 2024

    ****** ** **** *** ******** **** conversation *** ** *** **** **** commented ** ****. * ******* **** PKOC ** **************. ** ********, ******** By ******, ***.

    **** *** ** ****** ******* ** 1 *** ** *** ********** *.*** certificate *** ********. ** ******* *** supply ***** ***** **** ****** ** obvious ** *** **** ****** ** years. ** ****** ************ ** *** PKI ******* ** ******* ******* * controller ** * ******* ****** *** a ********** ** *** *** ** several ******* **** ***** ** ****** devices, * ******* ***** ***** *** key ******** ** *** ***** ** the ** ** *** **** *** of *** ******** ********* ** *** outside ** *** ******* ********. *** reader *** ********* *** ** ****** to *** **** ************* **** *** controller. *** **** **** **** *** a *** *** ****** ***** *** private ***. *** ****** *** *** CIV, ***** ** ** **************.

    ******** **** ***** ** ******* ** spend ***** ** **** *** **** this ***** ***** **** ** **** aware ** *** ********’* ***** ** adoption ** *** **********. **** ** a ********** ** *** ******* ************, OSDP *** ****.

    **** **** ****, **** **** **.*, there *** ***** **** ***** *********** hazards **** **** ******* ***. **** are ********* ********* ** *********** **************, and * ******* **** **** ***** everyone ***** ***** **** **** ** a ***** *********** **** *******. ***** OSDP ** ****** ********* ****** **** of *** ******** ********, *** ** took **** ***** **** *** **** inception ** *** ** **** ******** level. *** **** **** ** ****** available, ** ****** *** “***** ****” PKI ************ ** ******** **** **** bi-directional *************.

    * ******* **** **** **** **** a ************* ****** ******** **** **** OSDP *** ****** ******* ** ****** so **** **********. ** * **********, our ******* **** *** ** *** us *** **** ***** ********** *** confusions ** *** *******, ******** *****, proprietary ********* ****, ******* ********* ****, large *****-**** ************* ** *****-****** *********, etc. *** **** ****** ** ****** time **** *** ***********. **** ****, all ** **** ****** *** ********* and **, *** ********, *** ***** on *** ******* **** *** *** users *** *********.

    *** *** **** ********* ***** ** that **** ** **********, ********* ** attack ******* ** *. ********* * system ***** *** ******* *** ****** in *** ****** **** ********* *** key ****, ****** * ******* ******* Module (***), *** *** ****** *** is ******** ****** *** ********** ** a ****** ******, **** *** ************* from *** ****** ** *** ********** utilizing **** **.* ** ******* ****** all *** *** ****** **** *** so ***** **** *** ******* ****** control ************ *****. *** ******** **** should ** ***** ** - *** would *** *** **** ** **** direction?

    **** *** *** ******, **** ** not * ********, *** ** ** an ********. ** ** * ******* where *** ****** *** ** *** credential. **** ******* ** *********** ***** as ***** **************: * ******** **** card-based *************, * ****** ***** *************, and ** **** ********* ************* **** defines *** ******-**-********** *************. **** *** of ************** ******* *** ** ***** well ***** ********* **** ** *** and *.*** ************. ** ** **** represented ** **** **** **** *** code **** **** ****** *** ******** to ********* **** **** ***** ******** devices.

    ****** ** *** **** **** ********* interest *** ******** ********. ** ** all ******* ** ****** **** **** where ** ** ***** ** * widely ******* ************** ******** **** ** so **** ******* *** **** ****** than **** ** ****** ********* ** the ****** *****.

    (4)
    (3)
    JC
    John Cassise
    Mar 08, 2024

    **** **** *********** **.

    (1)
    UI
    Undisclosed Integrator #3
    Mar 07, 2024

    ** ***** ****!

    **** ** ******* **** ** ** neck ** *** *****. ********* *******/********** that ***** **** ** ***** ** labor.

    (1)
    (1)
    MK
    Mert Karakaya
    Mar 07, 2024
    IPVMU Certified

    ****** *** *** *******. ** *** working ** * ****** ** *****.

    *** *** ****** ** *** *** use **** *** *** ** ***** labor ****? *'* ******* ** ****.

    (1)
    UI
    Undisclosed Integrator #3
    Mar 07, 2024

    ********* / *********** / ******** / sharing **** (** *****, ***********, *********) amongst ********* ******* (****, ***, **/****, logical, ********).

    (2)
    JC
    John Calzaretta
    Mar 07, 2024
    Sentry Enterprises

    ****** *********** ** * ***** ****** of **** *** * ***** ******** of ****. ** **** ********** **** into *** ********* ********** ********, ******* heightening *** ******** ** **** ********. We ****** ** **** *** **** Chester, **. ********** ******** * ******** for ****, ***** ******* **** **** undoubtedly ****** ** ****, *** ******. Congratulations ** ***** ******, ***** *********, and *** ******* **** **********.

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    Jason Ouellette
    Mar 07, 2024

    ***** *** *** *** ******** *** your ******* ****!