Hikvision ******** ******* **** *** ******* ****
** ******** **, ****, Hikvision ****** **-**** ****** ** the ********** ** *** **********, ********* & *******, ******** ********** **** the *** **** *** company *** ** *** Covered ****:
********* ****** ******** **** the ********** *********** ****** it **** *** ******* List.
** ********* **** ** longer ** *** ******* List, ******* ******** ****** **** law ****** ********* ******** **** ** ****** apply ** *** *******.
Hikvision: *** ******** *** *** ************** *********, ********* ******* ** ********** *****
********* ****** **** *** Secure ********* *** "******[*] the **********'* ***** *********" and **** ********* ******** fall ******* ** *** scope ** **** *** Secure ********* *** ****** ****** *** ******* Networks *** ** **** (SNA). *** *** ** 2019 ******* *** *** to ******* * ******* List *** ******** *** equipment ***** ** ********** to ****** ** **** list. ******, *** *** and ***'* ****** ******* "communications ********* ** ********." However, *********'* ***** ************ products *** *** ************** equipment, *** ******* ****:
*** *** **** *** expand *** ******** ** products *** ***** *** Commission *** **** ********* authorizations. ** *** ********, it ****** ******** *** Commission ** “*******” **** it **** “** ****** review ** ******* *** application *** ********* ************* for ********* **** ** on *** **** ** covered ************** ********* ** services” **** *** ********** publishes ******** ** *** SNA. ***********, *** ********* granted ** *** *** extends **** ** ********* properly ****** *** ***** of *** ***.Hikvision’s ***** ************ ********* **** *** **** ****** **** *****. [emphasis added]
********* ******* *** *** "lacks ********* ********* ** adopt *** ******** ***** with ******* ** *********."
Secure *** ******* ******** *** ********
********* *** ******* ******** Act (***)****** ** ***** **** "to ******** ******* ******* subsidies **** ***** **** to ******** ************** ********* or ******** ****** ******** security *****." ******* * of *** *** ******* the *** ** ******* a ******* **** ** March **** *** ********* the ******** *** ********* to ** ***** ** the ******* ****. ***** are *** ************ **** the ********* *** ** fulfill ** ** ***** to *** ******* ****.
*****, **** *(*)(*) ****** that *** ********* **** "pose ** ************ **** to *** ******** ******** of *** ****** ****** or *** ******** *** safety ** ****** ****** persons *****" ** ** least *** ** * determinations. ********* ***** ***** determination *:
(*) *** ************** ********* or ******* ***** ******* telecommunications ********* ** ********, as ******* ** ******* 889(f)(3) ** *** **** S. ****** ******** ******* Authorization *** *** ****** Year **** (****** *** 115–232; *** ****. ****).
********* ** ** *** FCC's ******* **** ******* it ******** *** ** ******* 889(f)(3) ** *** ****.
******, **** *(*)(*) ****** that *** ********* ***** to *** ******* **** must ** ******* ** at ***** * ** 3 ******.
*****:
(*) ** ******* **—
(*) ******* ** *********** user **** ******* ** permitting ********** **** *** user **** ** ******* that **** ********* ** service ********* ** ********* handles;
*******/*********** **** **** ******* is **** ** *** IP ******.
******:
(*) ******* *** ******* of * ******** ** advanced ************** ******* ** be ********* ********;
******** *** ******* **** a **** ******* ** being **** ** ****** attacks, *** *******,****** ***** ******* ***** Massive ***** ***** ******.
*****:
** (*) ********* ****** an ************ **** ** the ******** ******** ** the ****** ****** ** the ******** *** ****** of ****** ****** *******.
*****, *** ************ ********* could ** ******* ** posing ** "************ **** to *** ******** ******** of *** ****** ******."
Hikvision: *** ********* *****'* ******* *** *(*)(*) ************
*******, ********* ****** **** its ********* ** ******* of *** ** *** above:
** ******* ********* ** Hikvision’s ******* *** ***** comments, ********* ******* *** NVRs ***incapable ** ******* ** *********** **** **** *******, ********** ********** **** **** ****, ** ******* ********** ** ** ******** ************** *******. **** ****** ******** ***** *******, *** ** *** “*****” ***** *******. ***, **** ********* ******* *** ******** ** * ********** ***** ************ ************, **** *** *** ******* ** ******* ** *********** **** **** ******* ** ********** ********** **** **** ****. Hikvision ******* *** **** ** *** **** * ******** ****** ****, *** ** **** ******** *********’ ****** ** ********—to the contrary, Hikvision products are used to enhance private businesses’ safety and security. [emphasis added]
*********'* **** ******** **** devices *** ** ******** in * "********** ***** surveillance ************" *** **** examined *********** ****** ********** *** Firewalling ****** *** ********.
Communication ********* ********** ********
******* * ** *** SNA ************ ****** **** "Commission ***** ***** ** the ****"..." ************** ********* or *******" **** ******* the *** ************ *****.
*** *** ******* "************** equipment ** *******" **:
*** ********* ** ******* that ** ********* ** the ********* ** ******** communications *******.
****, *** *** ****** "advanced ************** *******" *** the "******* ***** *** term ‘‘******** ****************** **********’’ in******* *** ** *** Telecommunications *** ** **** (47 *.*.*. ****)":
*** **** “******** ****************** capability” ** *******, ******* regard ** *** ************ media ** **********, ** high-speed, ********, ********* ****************** capability **** ******* ***** to ********* *** ******* high-quality *****, ****, ********, and ***** ****************** ***** any **********.
Hikvision ************** ********
*********'* ************** ** ***** definitions ** **** ********* is ********** "************** *********" only ** ** ** essential ** *** ********* of ********* *******:
** ***** *****, ********* is **** “************** *********” under *** *** ** it ** ********* ** the ********* ** ********* service.
*******, ********* ******:
**** ** *********’* *********, specifically ********* *** ***** surveillance ******* *** ******* video ********* (“****”), ** essential ** ********* *******.
* *** ******** ** determine ** ******* ** not ***** ************ ****** as "********* *******."
******* ** *** *********'* interpretation ** *** *** definitions ** ******** *** whether ** *** ********* equipment ** ****** ************** equipment **** **** ** be ********** ** *** FCC ******.
Hikvision: *******-***** *********** ** ******* *(*) ** *** ********* ******** ** ******* ****
*********'* *** ****** ** that, ***** *** ********, its ********* ** *** communications ********* *** *********, should ** ******* **** the ******* ****. *******, Hikvision ******** * ****** position **** **** ****** be ******* **** *** Covered **** ** *** case **** ***** ************ equipment ** ******* ****** communications *********.
************, ********* **** "******** specified **** ********* ***** be ****** ** *** Covered **** **** ** the ****** **** ** meets *** ****** ******-**-******** use ***********.":
******* ******** **************’* ******** to ********** *********** [**] that ******* ***’* ************ apply ** ************* ***********’* ********* ** **** “[f]or *** ******* ** public ******, ******** ** government **********, ******** ******** surveillance ** ******** **************, and ***** ******** ******** purposes.” ** *********’* ********* is *** **** *** these ********, **** ** is *** ******* ** Section *** *** ****** be ******** ** *** Covered ****, *** **** falls ******* *** ***** of *** ***.
********* **** *** ********* is ********* **** *** private ******** ********, *** it ** *** *********** to ******* ********* ** the ******* ****:
** ******, ** *** forth ** *********’* ******* comments, *** ***** ************ equipment ** ********* **** for***************, ** ****** ***** and ******-***** **********. **** uses **** ******* ** do ****************,**********************,********************, ******************. ** **** ********* would ****** ***** ********** terms ***********. **** **** outside ** *** ****** safety *** ******** ******* fall ******* ** ******* 889 *** ********* *** not *********** *** ********* on *** ******* ****.
*******, ** ** ******* how ********** *********'* "********-*****" argument **. ************, *** that ** **** ** SNA ******* *(*)(*) ** that *** *** *** rely ** ******* ***(*)(*) of *** **** *** adding ********* ** *** own ******* ****:
*** ************** ********* ** service ***** ******* ****************** equipment ** ********, ** defined ** ******* ***(*)(*) of *** **** *. McCain ******** ******* ************* Act *** ****** **** 2019 (****** *** ***–***; 132 ****. ****).
*******, ******* ***(*)(*) ** the **** ******** *********** A-D. **** **** *** SNA *** *** ******* 88(f)(3)(B), ***** ********* ********* for ****** ****** *** government ***, *** **** cited ***(*)(*) ** *****:
******* ****************** ********* ** SERVICES.—The **** ‘‘******* ****************** equipment ** ********’’ ***** any ** *** *********:
(*) ****************** ********* ******** by ****** ************ ******* or *** *********** (** any ********** ** ********* of **** ********).
(*) *** *** ******* of ****** ******, ******** of ********** **********, ******** security ************ ** ******** infrastructure, *** ***** ******** security ********, ***** ************ and ****************** ********* ******** by ****** ************** ***********, Hangzhou ********* ******* ********** Company, ** ***** ********** Company (** *** ********** or ********* ** **** entities).
(*) ****************** ** ***** surveillance ******** ******** ** such ******** ** ***** such *********.
(*) ****************** ** ***** surveillance ********* ** ******** produced ** ******** ** an ****** **** *** Secretary ** *******, ** consultation **** *** ******** of *** ******** ************ or *** ******** ** the ******* ****** ** Investigation, ********** ******** ** be ** ****** ***** or ********** **, ** otherwise ********* **, *** government ** * ******* foreign *******.
******** ***(*)*(*) *** (*) gives **** ****** ** what ** ********** ******* equipment *** ********, ******* of ********* ************ **** for ****** ****** *** y *** **********.
************, **** (*) ******* out **** ******* ********* could ** **** **** an ****** "***** ** controlled **, ** ********* connected **, *** ********** of * ******* ******* country." *******, *** **** explicitly ******* "******* ******* country" ** *** ******’* Republic ** *****. ** is ***** **** *********** ***** ** *** PRC **********, ********** ** *** ******* shareholder.
Hikvision: *** "*********** *********" ** ****** *********
***** **** ********* ********* is *** ************** ********* and *** ********* **** not ******* ******** *(*)(*) and (*) ** *** SNA, ********* ****** **** the *** ** ******** required ** ***, *** SNA, ** ****** *********:
Indeed, *** ********** ** *********** ********* ** ****** ********* **** *** ******* ****. ******* *(*)(*) ** *** *** ***** ***** **** *** ********** **** ****** ******** **** *** ******* **** **** *** ********** ** ***** ***** ********* *** ***** ** ****** *****. The fact that Hikvision equipment is not “communications equipment or service” fundamentally disqualifies Hikvision from inclusion on the Covered List for all products that are not essential to broadband. Hikvision hereby requests that the Commission immediately remove it from the Covered List. [emphasis added]
Next *****
*** *** *** ****** to ******* ** **** on *** *********** ** Hikvision's ******* **** *** Covered ****, ***** *** ongoing **** *************. *******, interested ******* *** ******** to ****** ******** ** affirm ** ******* ********** in *** ****** ** submit ********** ********.
**** **** ******** ** track *** ******** *** report ***********.
Comments (13)
Undisclosed Distributor #1
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Undisclosed Distributor #1
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Undisclosed Integrator #2
*** *** **********, ********** General ********* ** *******, has ********* **** * number ** ***** *** importance ** ****** ******** policies *** ******** ** protect ******** ******** *********. They ******* ****** ***** of ******* *** ******** a ******** ***** *** implemented. ** *** ** were **** ** ****** or ***** ** ******** after *** **** ******* by *** *** *** their *** ********** ** would ** * **** start.
*** *** ********* ***** or ********* ****** *** be ************ **** *** rest ** *** ***** has **** *** ****** of ***** *** ******** Policies ** **** ********** important ****.
** ** ***** ******** that *** ****** ****** Cyber ******* ******* *** or ***** ****** ******* a ******* *** ******** US ****** **** ***** be ******* ****. *** exploits *** ***** ******* over *** **** ** months ***** ********* ******* the ** ******** ****** immediate ******. ***** ***** is **-******** ********* ** protecting *** *******, ** would ** * **** time ** ** **.
*** **** **** ** that *** ********, **, and ************** ******** ********* could *** ******* ** the ****, *** ** sharing *** *********** **** their *******, ********* ***** end **** ** ***** acting ** *** *************** immediately **** ******** ** working *** **** *******.
*** ****** ******* “How *** *** ******* *** ******* **** ******** ******** ******** *****” is a good history lesson and recommended easy read. I have included some key highlights from the excellent IPVM article for context.
*** ******** ** *********** and ******** ** *** an ********* ** ******* when ********* *** ********* solutions ** **** ******* the ****** *** ******** of *** *******. ** can ******** *********** *** take ******* **** *** make * **********.
** ******** ****** *** contributed ** * **** secure ***, * ****** US ****** *** *** only **** ********* ******* risks, *** ********** ** the *********** ** *** technologies **** **** **** to ****** *** ******** of *** ******** **** to *********** *** ***** information ** **** *******. The ** *** ****** risen ** *** ********* when ***** *** **** a ****** ** ******* to *******. **** ** an *********** ** ** it *****.
*** ********* ******** ** XI’s *** ***** *** China *** ***** ****** of *** ***** ***** to ****** ***** ***** security. **** ***** ** it *** **** **** it *** **** *** them.
2014: ********* ****** ***** **
*******, ** ******** ****, the ***************** ******* ******* ***** On ************* *** ** with ******* ********* ** Jinping ** *** ****. The ***** ******* ** national ********, **** ** stating ** *** ***** meeting "******* *************, ***** can ** ** ******** security" *** "** ****** **** *** own **********":
** ******* *** **** without *************, ***** *** be ** ******** ********, and ******* *********** **********, there *** ** ** modernization. ** ***** * network *****, ** ****** have *** *** **********, have ****** **********, **** rich *** ************* *********** services, ******* * ********** network *******, **** * good *********** ************** ** form * ****** *********** economy, **** * ****-******* network ******** *** *********** technology *********, *** ******** carry *** ********* *** multilateral ************* ********* *** cooperation ** *** ********. [emphasis *****]
Secure *** ************" ******
** ****** ****, ****** the ******* *****, *** Ministry ** ** *** Industry **************** ******** ********** ************* Cybersecurity **** ** *** Telecommunications *** ******** *******, ********* "****** *** controllable" ******** *** ******** and "********** ******** *** development":
**** ******* **** *** application ** ****** *** controllable *** ******** *** hardware, *** **** * positive **** ** ************ national ********, *********** ******** development, ********** *** ********* of *** ******* ****** and ***** * ****** network *******
****** ********** ******** *** development ******** *** ***** business *********** *******, ****** business *********** *** ********* source **** ******** ***********. [emphasis *****]
Xi ******* ***** "******** ********** *** ************ ***********"
** ****, ** *********** ******* ******** ******** ***** **** "a ******* *****", ******* that *** *** ****** to "****** *****" "*********** innovation" *** ******* "******** autonomous *** ************ 自主可控" alternatives ** ***** ** build * "****** *** controllable ********** ******":
** ****** ****** ***** the "**** ****" ** independent ********** ** **** technology, ***** ******* *** cutting-edge ********** ** ******* development *** *** *** core ********** **** ************* competitiveness, ********** *** ********* of ******** ********** *** controllable *********** ********, *** build * **** *** controllable *********** ********** ****** [emphasis *****]
**** ********* **** "********** and ************" *** "****** and ************" ***** ********* foreign ********, ** *** state ***** *** ******* made ***** ***** **'* original **** ******, *.*. in ******** ****, *************** ** ************** **** "******** ************ is ********** ********* ** achieve ********** *** ************" noting "***** ******** *****" of ******* **:
********* ********, "********" ******** and ******** ****** **** the ************ ** *********** control, ** *** ************** of ******** ************ ** completely ********* ** ******* independent *** ************.
** *** ** **** that ********** ******* ** the ******* ** ******* security *** *********** ********. self-control ***** **** *********** security ** **** ** govern, ******** *** ******** generally ** *** **** malicious ********* *** *** be ************ ******** ** patched ***************
*** ** ********** *******, China's *********** ********** ********* is ******* ********, *** not ** ********** *************, there *** ***** ******** risks [******** *****]
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Marco Sanchez
* ****** ***'* ***** lawyers *** *** ******* above. *******, ** ** pretty **** **** ** live ** * ******* where **** * *******, that ** ******* ********** an *****, ** **** to ***** **** *** government **** ********. * think **** ** *** largest ****** *** **** see *** *** ** life ******* **** ********** regimes.
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Undisclosed #3
******? ** ********* ********* receive ****** ******* ** osmosis?
******* ******* **** *** recorded ***** **** ***** these ******* **** *** ether?
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John Honovich
******, ********* *********'* ******* sent * ****** ** the *** ********** * meeting **** **** **** Hikvision's ***** ***** ****** a ******* **** ** why ********* ****** *** be ******.
*** ****** ******** ****** they ************ ********* ******* ** argument ** *** ****** we ******** ** ** this ******.
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John Honovich
****** *** ******** *** a****/******* ***** ** ***** about *********'* ***********, *** ****:
*** **** *** *******:
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Undisclosed Integrator #5
*** **** ****** ** Hikvision ******* ***** ****** and ********* **** ** the **** **** *********** for ******* ***** ******** and ********.
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