"Automated Racism": Chinese Tech Companies Profiling Ethnic Minority

******** ** ******* ****** recognition *********, ********* *********, has ******* ********* ********* a*** **** ***** ********** **** ********* ********* for *** ********** ** track ******* ** *****'* Uyghur ****** ********, "*********** ushering ** * *** era ** ********* ******."

******* *** * ****** Muslim ****** ** *****'* western ******** ****** *** are ******* ** ****** ******* ********** ********** **** ********** *** intrusive ************, * ********* that's **** ************ ***** **** ********* and *****.

*** *** ******* ********* a ******* *******/************ ****** between ***** *** *** rest ** *** ***** on ***** ************ *** facial ***********, *********** *********** with ***** ** *** topics. ** **** ****** lead ** ***** ****** questions *********** ******* ********* and **** ***** *** continue ** **** **** the ******* ********* ***** by *** ***.

** **** ****, ** examine *** ****** *** its ******* ******, *********:

• *** *******
• ********* *********
• ********** ** ****
• ******** ********
• **** *** ******** ******
• ****** ****** *****

[***************]

NYT ****** *******

*** ******* ************ ******* ********* **** developed ******** ********* "********** into *****’* ******* ********* networks ** ************ *******" which "***** *********** *** Uighurs ***** ** ***** appearance *** ***** ******* of ***** ******* *** goings *** ****** *** review."

*** ******* ***** *** following ********, ****** * anonymous ******* *** ******/********* documents:

"****** *** *****" ****** departments ****** ***** ****** to *** **** *********, with *** ********** **** a ***** ****** ****** "should ******* ****** *********** to ******** ******/***-****** **********,” and ******* ****** ************* notifying ****** ** ******** Uyghurs **** "*** **** flight ** *** **** day"

* **** ****** ******** with **** **** "**********" determined *,*** *** ** 500,000 **** **** ****** over *** ****** ** a *****.

********* ********* ********* **** its **** ***** "*********** send ******" ** ****** "if ********** *** ****** lives ** * ************, and ****** ** **** six ******* ******"

****** ********* **** ****** against "********** ****** ********* publicly," **** ****** ** has ****** **** ******.

Hikvision ***********

****** *** ********* ******, NYT ******** **** ********* "offered * ******** *********** function, *** ***** ******* it *** ** ****." Last ****, **** ***** the ***** **************'* ******** *********,***** **** ************* ********* at * ********** ** China.

***** ***** ************ ****** up ****'* ******,********* ******* **** **, quietly **-******* *** ***** and ******** ****** *******.

Companies ********: **** ******* ** ********

***** **** *********, *** companies ****** *** ** the *** ******* **** of *****'*******-******** '********':

• **** **********(****** ** $*.** *******)
• ******/****++(****** ** $* *******)
• *********(****** ** $*.* *******)
• *********(****** ** $*.** *******)

Comparison ** ****** ********* ** *** ****

**** ********* ****** ** the ** ** **** but *** ****. **** of *** ***** ***** surveillance ********* ***** **. However, **** **, * small (***** ** ********* according ** ********) *** Francisco-based ****** *********** ******* with *****$*** ** ******* *******, ******** *** *********** ** ****** "********* detection" ************:

*******, ****** *** ** the ********** ** *** West ** **** **** limited ** ** ** constrained ** ********/**** ***********/***** scrutiny. ***** *** ** documented ******* ** ** police *********** ***** ****** analytics ** ****** *** suspects ** *********. *** closest **** ** **** The ********************* *** **** **** video ************ ******* ** develop **** *** ******** algorithms **** **** ****** search ******** ** **** - *******, *** **** denied **** ***** *** skin **** ******* ** order ** ***** ****** profiling ***********.

Accuracy ********

*** *** ********* (*********) that **** ******* *** "imperfect" *** ****** ** a ***** ****** ** good ******** ********** *** other ************* *******, ******* the ***** ** ***** positives ******* ****** ** legal *******.

Impact ** **** *** ********

*** ******* ***** *** the ******* ******** ***** rights ****** ** ********** criticism ** *****'* **** recognition *******. **** *** a ****** ** *******, chiefly:

• ** ** ******** ***********, manufacturers, *** ****** *** use ****** *********** ********** from *** ******* ***** mentioned ** *** *** may ****** **********-****, *** will ** **** ** public ********* *** ***** campaigns **** ****** ********* and ***********
• *** ********* *********** ******* Western ********* *** ***** Chinese ** ********* **** also ** **** ** such *********, ** *** already **** *** **** for ** ***** ********* Hikvision *** *****. (**************** ****** ***** *** US ********* ********** ***** and *********)
• *** ******* ** ***** who **** ******** ** China's ** ******** *** now ***** *** ********** as ****. ******* ************* investors **** ******* ******* Hikvision/Dahua ***** ** ***** of ***** ****** ********. (See******* *** ******** ***** Sell *** *********, ***** Stock **** ********)
• ***** ************* ** *** form ** ***** ****** sanctions ** **** * possibility. (**************** ****** ***** ********* Against ***** *** ********* For ***** ****** ******)

Effect ****** *****

**** ******* **** ******* led ** **** ******* in ***** - *********, for *******,*** **** ****** ******** *********** **** Xinjiang ************ **** **** Technology. *******, ***** **** SenseTime, ***** ** ** sign *** ** ******* firms ******* **** **** the ********* ******** ******** market; **** ** **** have **** ********* ** questions ***** ***** **** abetting ***** ****** ****** there.

**********

***** *** *** ******** implications, ********* ******* ********* considering ***** ******* ****** recognition ********* ********** ** active ** ******** ** developing *** **** ** minority ********* **** **** to ***** ********* **** now **.

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