CCTV Researcher Eric Piza Interviewed
Few academic researchers study video surveillance / CCTV. One of the most notable is John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York associate professor Dr. Eric Piza who we interviewed.
Inside this interview, Dr. Piza explains:
- Has the Effectiveness of Video Surveillance Improved over Time
- Have Improved Analytics Made Video Surveillance More Practical
- Advice to "Smart"/"Safe" City Projects
- CCTV Best Practices and Policies
- CCTV Has No Inherent Deterrence Value
- Why CCTV Is Better at Preventing Auto Theft Than at Preventing Murder
- CCTV Does Not Displace Crime
- Use of CCTV to Preemptively Catch Suspects
- CCTV as Crime Resolution Instead of Crime Prevention
- Does Face Recognition Facilitate Crime Prevention
- Why There Is Little Research on the Effects of Face Recognition
- Beware of the Hidden Costs of CCTV
- Blanketing Cities in CCTV Cameras Does Not Help
This interview is part of a running series of IPVM interviews of professionals of note. For previous IPVM interview coverage, please see:
- LTS CEO Interviewed
- The Kiosk Market Pivots To Temperature Screening (Interviewed)
- Low Voltage Nation Wants to "Help You Carve Out A Fulfilling Career" Interviewed
- Motorola Solutions Speaks on Avigilon / Video Strategy
- Indonesia Security Association Chairman Interview
Has *** ************* ** ***** ************ ******** **** ****
****: ***** ************ ********** *** ******* and ******** **** ****. **** **** research, *** *** ************* ** ***** surveillance **** ******* **** ****?
**** ****: ***** ** * ****** effort **** ** ********** *** * did, ***** ** ********* **** ** referred ** ** * ****-******** ** all ** *** ******** **** ********** research, ** **** ** * ****** of ***********. *** *** **** *******, the ******* ** ******* **** ***** surveillance *** * ****** *** *********** impact ** ***** *** **** **** over ****, ** ******* ********, ** certain *********, *** ****** *** ******** increased. *** *******, *** **** **** that **** ** ***** *** **** in ****, *** ****** ******, *** of *** ***** ************ ******* ********* in *** ****** ****** ****'* **** an ******* ******* ** *** **. So ***********, *** **** ********** **** time **** ****** *** **** *** video ************ ******* ***'* ****** ***** in *** **. *** ****** ****** which *** ********* ** ****, * decade ***** *** ***** ***, ***** that ******** ************ ******* ** **** a ******* ****** ** ***** ** the ******* ** *** ****** ******. So *****, ****'* *** ******* ** see **** **** **** *** ************* of ******* *** ******* ***** * bit.
Have ******** ********* **** ***** ************ **** *********
****: *** **** *** *********** ** analytics ****** *** ****-************* *** ***** of ***** ************? ************, * **** in **** *** ** **** ******* where * *** ********* ****** ******* was ****** *** ********** *** ***** of *** ******* ******* ***** ** such * ***** ****** ** ******* and *****'* *** ****** **** *** it's ** ****, *** ********* *** help *** **** ** ****. ** how **** *** ********* ******* *** cost-effectiveness **** **** ***********?
**: **** * ***** ****'* *** area ***** ********* *** ****** **** machine ******** *** ******** ****** ********** can **** * *** ******. ** you **** ** *** ******* ***** in * *** ** ** ********, it's **** **** **** ********** *** too ***** ** ********** ************* ** the ********** ** *** ***** ********. We ****** ********** ** *** *** of *** ******** ** ******, *** it *****'* ***** **** **** ****. The ********** *** ** ** **** by * ***** ***** ** ** effective ****** ** ******* *** ***** and ** *** ******* ** **** conversation ** ******** *********** ***** **********. So ***********, * ******* ** **** we **** ***** ********* **** ******** far *** **** ******* ** **** example. *** **'* *** ********* *** a ***** ***** ** ************, *********** monitor ** **** *******. ** ******* learning *** ***** ******* ********-***** ************ can ** * **** *** ** help ***** ******** ********* ** *** exact ****** *** **** *********** **** at ***** ***** ****** **** ****** be *******.
Advice ** "*****"/"****" **** ********
****: ** **** ** ******** ********, ** *** ***** **** **** schemes ******** ** ******** ********* ** by * *** ** ******** *** police ********* * *********** ******** ** crime ********* **** ******* ******** ****** by ******. **** ****** ***** *** give ** ***** ******** ** **** the ******** ***** "***** ****" ** "safe ****" ********?
**: ****, * ***** **** ** be ******* **** ***** ************ ********** have ********* ********** ** ****. ** someone *** ** ******* *** *******, either ***** ****** ** ******* **** has ** ******** ********* ** ******* within **** ******* *** ** *** to ** ******** ** * ********** who *** ** **** ********* ***** whether ** *** ****** ****** ** sent ** *** *****. *** **** officers ********** ** *** ***** *** have ** ******* ******** ******** *** reported *** * ***** *** ******** has **** ** ******** *** ** those **** ** **** ** *** same *****. **, *** *******, ** police *** ***** ** ** *** ones ********** ** *** ****** **** maybe **** ****** ** *** **** watching *** ******* ***. *** **** of *** ******** *** ********* **** maybe ****'* *** *** ****. ***** we ***** *** ******** ****** ** video ************ ** ****** ******** *** train ***** ********* *** *** *** be ** *********, *******, ********** ** the ******** *******, ****** ******* ******** are ****** **** ******** ********. ** maybe ** ***** **** ***** ****** besides *** ****** ** *** ********* and ***** *** ******** *** *** enforcement ******* ** *** ****** ********.
CCTV **** ********* *** ********
****:*** ************* *** ******** *** **** *** practice ******* *** *** ** ************ cameras *** **** ********* **** *** mere ******** ** *** ******* **********. What ***** *** ******** ** ** the **** ********* *** ******** *** the ********* *** ** **** ** effect ***** *********?
**: * ***** ******** **** ******* opportunities *** ********** ******** ********. **, I'll *** *** ** ** ** too **** ** * ******* **** this. ** ***********, **** **'** ******* up * ******, ***** *** ******* assumptions **** **'** ****** ** **'** saying **** * ****** ** ***** to ****** *****. *** *** ******* assumption **, ** ****** *** ***** "watched," ****'** *** ***** ** **** comfortable ********** ***** ******* **** **** that ****'** ** ***********. *** **** of ******** **** *** ********** **** people ***'* **** ***** ****** ** that *** ****** ** ******** * real **** ********. ** **'** ******** that ******* ** * ****** *************** ** ******* ** ***** ********. It's *** **** **** ****** **** like ****'** **** **-****, **'** **** of ********** **** **** *** **** at-risk. *** ** ********* **** *** bluff ** ****** ** ********** ** commit ***** ** ***** ** *******, then *** ****** ****** **** **** the **** ** **** ** *** much ********** ******* **** **** *****.
** * *** ** ** ******** that * ********* ** *********** **** the****** ****** ************ *** * *** ** ******** of ****. *** **** *** ** video ************ ******* ** ***** ******** and ****** **** ****-*** **** ******* and **** ** ***** *** **** in *** ***** ****** ** ***** of *** *******, ***** ****'* ****** change ** *** ******* ** * very ****** ********* ** **** *****. All ** *** ******** ****** *** city *** ********** ** ********** ****'* go **** ***** *** ******* **** in. ** **** ** ******* ******** the ******* ************** *** ** ***** a *** ** **** ************* *** behavior ** *** ****** ****** ** camera *** **** ** ***** ***, despite *** **** **** **** **** in **** ***** ********* ** *** cameras, * *** ** ********* ** the **** **** ****** *********** ********** crime ***** ** ***** ** *** cameras. *** **** ** *** ****** into **** ** ******** ***** *** that **** ****'*, ******* **** ************ belief ***** **, **** ****'* ****** behavior. **** ******** *** ******** ***** in **** ******* ***** *** ****** by ***** *** ****** ********** ******** the ******* *** ***** *** ****** by ***** ******** **** ********** ** deal **** ****** ******** ** *******, the **** **** ** ********** ****'* increase *** **** **** **** ******* the **** ***** *** ** **** money ******* ******* **. ****'* * primary *******, **** *** *** ******* up ** ********** *** ***'* ** other ****** ** ******** ******** *** risk ** ********* **** ***** ** the **** ** ******* **** ***'** going ** **** * *******.
CCTV *** ** ******** ********** *****
****: ** *** ****** *** ***** ********* **** *** *** given ** ********* **** ** ******* *** ********* ************ *** ***** of * ****** ** ***** *** enough ** ***** ********* ** *** of ****** *** ** ***** *****.
**** ****, ***** *** *********, ** your ******** ****, *** **** *********** around *** *****, *** **** ******** professionals, ** ******, *** *** ***** to **** ***** ******** *** *********, and **** *** **** ** ***** that ***** ** ** ******** ********** value ** **** *******, **** *** camera ***** ***** ** * *********. So, **** ** ****** ***** **** notion ** *** ********** *****?
**: ****'* ****** ** **** ****** are ******** ** *** **** ******* prescence ** ** ************. *** ****'* also ****** ***** **** ******** ** thinking **** ************ ******* ** ********** can ** *** **** ** ******** necessary ** ******** *********** *** **** risk ********.
** *** ** ******,a ***** ************ ****** ***'* **** * ***** ** ********. **'* *** **** *** ***** ****** ***** **** *** . The police are tasked to respond and do those things. So when we put up cameras and the police don't hold up their end of the bargain by effectively monitoring the cameras or effectively responding to crimes captured on cameras, it's not going to take long for people in the community, especially potential offenders, to learn that information and connect the dots to say 'yeah there's a camera there, but I'm in these neighborhoods and I'm committing just as much crime as I used to commit and the cops aren't around any more frequently, so maybe the camera is, you know, just a camera? Maybe they are actually not seeing me commit crime on this camera or if they are seeing me, they obviously can't respond to every single infraction that is observed on the camera.' So I think this whole notion of cameras are effective, period, end of sentence, suffers from that type of fallacy in thinking. We kind of forget what we know from decades of research on criminal offending and what's important in deterrence and what makes effective situational crime prevention. We forget all of those lessons when we say just put a camera up and no-one is going to be "dumb" enough to commit crime in front it. [emphasis added]
Why **** ** ****** ** ********** **** ***** **** ** ********** ******
****: **** ******* ** ******* *** violent *****, **** *** **** ******** of *** *** ***** ***********[**** ****], *** ******* *** ***** ******* feel **** ****** ** ***** * car **** * ****** ** ***** but *** **** **** ****** ** murder ******* **** * ****** ** there?
**: ****'* * **** ********. **, it ******** *** ********* ** ** with *** *******. ** *** ******* to, ***** ******* ***** ***** ** be *** ***** **** ****'* **** directly ******** ** ***** ************ *******. So, ** *** ** **** **** motor ******** ****** ***** ** **** kind ** ****-******** ***********, ** **** a ******* ***, *** *******, ** has ********** **********, **'* **** ** easy ** *** *** ** ** at * ****** ***** ** ****. Even ******-***** ***** ******* ******, *** go **** *** *** **** * car ** *** *****, *** ***'* park * *** ** *** ****** of *** ************, ** *** ********, so **'* * ****-******* **** **** may ** **** ** **** *** a **** ****** ** ******** ** a ******* ** ** ******* ***** can ******, ****** ******, ** *** happen ********. *** ***** **** * fight ** *** ******* ** ** intersection ** ** * **** ***** or ****** *** ******. * *** of ***** ***** ***** *** ******** a ****** ****** ****** **** *** view ** *** ******, ******* * motor ******* *****, ***** *** **** street-level ****** ** **, *** ** more *** ** *** ****.
CCTV **** *** ******** *****
****: * **** ******* *** ** your**** ************ ***** ************ ************** ** *** ********* ** *** text **** * **** ********** ** violent ***** ******** *******, ****** **** the **** ** *** **** ******. Have *** ***** * ********** ** the ******** ** ******* ********** ** moving ***** *** ** *** **** of *** **** ******? **, *** camera ** ******* *** ******* ** the ******* ***** ** ******* ***** happening ****** *** ***** ** *** camera, ***** ** ******* **** ******** indoors ** ** ***** *************, ** you *** ********* ** ******, *** cameras **** *** **** **** **** high-crime, ******* ************* ** *********. *** you ******* ** ****?
**: ** ** ******** ******** ** Newark, ** ****'* **** *** ******** of ***** ************. ** ****** ** if ********* ***** ***** **** ** after **********, ** ****** ** *** areas *********** *********** ***** ************ ****** locations *** ** ****'* **** *** evidence ** ************ ** ******. *** also, *** ****** ********** ***, ** in *** ********** ****** *** ** 50 ** *** ******* **** ** looked ** ****** *** *** ******** of ************ *** **** *** ** those ***** *** ******** ** ************. So, ************, ***** ** *** ********* research, *****'* **** ** ** * tremendous *******.
Use ** **** ** ************ ***** ********
****: ** * ******** **** ********** the***** ** ********, *** ******* *******, *** ********* **** ** *** city, *** ******* ******* ******** **** allow ***** ******* ********* ** ***** what **** **** ** ** '********' movements[** *******]:
** *** **********, ** **** ** example ** * ****** ******* ** a ********** **** *** *** ***** later **** ****, ** ******* ***** him, **** ****** ******* ** ********** zones *** **** ****** ** ** criminals, *** *****, ** **** **'** wondering **, **** ******** *** ********* crime ****** **, ********, ** ******** by **** ******* *** *** ***** any ********, ** ***** *** ******** that **** ** ** **** *** credence ** ***** ****** **** ** the ***** ** ******** **** *** can *** **** *** **** ** record *** **** ***** *********** ***** that *** ******** *** ** ************ track **** **** *** **** ** atypical ** ******* ******** *** **** use **** ******** ** ******* *****. Is ***** *** ******** ****** ****?
**: ****, ** *******. **, ** one ***** **** * *********, ** looked ** ******* ** ******* ******* crime ********* **** ******** ** ****** places. *** ** ******* *** ********** several *******, ** ** * **** hour ** **. ** ****** ** that ******* ***, ** ******** ** footage ** *** ****** *****. *** what ** ***** ***, *** **** majority ** ***** ****** **** ********** by ********* **** ****** ***** **** had ***** ******* ** ******* **. So, *** *******, ** *** ********* that ******* *** ** ***** ******* matches *** ***** **** ****. ** had ********* **** ******* *** ** disputes **** **** ************. **, ** that *****, ****, *** ***** *******, if *** *** ****** ** **, and ** ***'** **** ** **** through *** ************** ******* ****'* ** there, *** *** ***** * ****** bit ***** *** *********** ******** ** crime *** ***** *** **** *** future ***** ********** ********.
*** ********* ** ********* ** ****** running ** ****** **, ********, * think ****'* ******** ********** ** * little ***. *** *** ******* ******* of ***** ****** ******* ** ***** a ****** *** ***** *** ***** is *********, * ***** ****'* * valid *****.
CCTV ** ***** ********** ******* ** ***** **********
****: **** ******** **** ******** ************ ***** ************ ***** ****-**** ***** cameras, **** ****** ******** ** **** are ************* **** ****** ** ** closed ** ** *********** ****** **** those ****** ******** *** ***** *****, including ** *********, *-*-*, ** **** we ***** **** ** *** ** about *** *********, ** **** ** seems ** **, *** ** ********** from ********* **** ******** ** **** CCTV ********* ** **** * **** deal ** ******** ** * ***** resolution ****. **, **** ***** *** say ** **** ** **** ******* on ******** *** ****** ********* **** politicians *** ************* **** *** ********** CCTV ********* ** * ***** ********** tool ******* ** ** * ***** prevention ****?
**: ****'* * ****** **** ******** and *** ******** ******** ************* *****'* tell ** ** **** ** ** need ***** ****. *** **** ******** of **** ******** *** ****** ** the ***** ********** ******* ** *** technology. **'* **** **** ** *** last **** ***** ** ** ***** researchers **** **** ** ******* ** really **** ** *** ************* ******** of *** **********. ** ** ***'* nearly **** ** **** ** ** should **** * ********** *********** ***** exactly *** *** ************ ******* *** improve **************. ** *** ******* *'* thinking ** * ***** **'* ****** mixed, *** ******** ***** *** *** study **** ****** ** ***** ***** along * ******** ** *** ** and * ***** **** ***** **** benefits. ***** *** ******* ***** ********* in********** ***** **** ********, * ***** there *** ** ********** ***** **** didn't **** **** ** * ******* either ***. *** *****, *'* *** able ** ***** ** **** ** much ******* *** ******** ********* ****'* looked ** ** ** **** ** it *** ****** ** ***** **********.
Does **** *********** ********** ***** **********
****: ********* **** ***********, ******* ***** the ******* ******** ***********, **** **** a **** ***** ********** *****, **** is *** ***** ** **** ***********?**** ** *** ***** ** ****** banning ****** ***********?
**: ** **, *'* **** ** see **** **** ******** ** ****** recognition, ******* ***** ***, **** **'** going *** ** ** **** ****** debate ** ****** **** **** *******. In *** ********** ******, *** *******, we ****** ******* ** **** ***** and **** ** *** ******* **** we ****** ** **** ****** *********** alongside ***** ************ *******, ** ** have ** ********* ******** ** ******* or *** ****'* * **** ****. There's **** ******** ****** ******** ** the ****** ****** *********** ******** ******, sowe're ** **** * ***** ******** ** * **** ********-**** *********** **** ** ***** ** ****** *********** **********. So my hope would be that the research community picks up the slack and starts to generate some scientific evidence around this technology and that hopefully that evidence can be used to inform some of these types of public conversations. Regardless what side you come down on, whether you're pro- or anti-facial recognition, I think we just don't have enough scientific evidence to say which one of those sides is actually more correct than the other one. So, my hope would be that the research knowledge improves around this and that maybe cities who have moved to ban it can re-open a dialogue just to confirm that they've come down on the right side of this. [emphasis added]
Why ***** ** ****** ******** ** *** ******* ** **** ***********
****: *** ** *** ***** **** the ******** ********* ****'* ****** **** as ****? **** ******* **'* * new **********?
**: **'* * *** **********, *** outcome **** ***'** ********** ** ********* isn't **** **** ** *******. *** example, *****'* * ****** *** *****'* been ** **** ******** ** *** effect ** **** ** ***** ***********, because **** ****** ** ***** ****** departments **** ****** **** ******* ** measure *** ********** ** *****. ** measuring ******* ** *** ***** **** up ** *** **** ** * camera, **'*, * ***'* **** ** say **'* **** ** **, ******* these *** **** ***** **** ****, they **** * *** ** ********, but **'* ********. **** ***** ****** of, ** ****** *********** ******** ** identifying ********, **** ******** ** ****** to ** *** ***** ************** ********* the ****** ***** ** ******** ** a *******-********* ****** *** *********** ** engage ****. *** ****'* **** *** the ****. ****'* *** ********* ****'* readily *********. *** *'* *** ****** it ****** **, ****'* **** ********* information, *** **** **** ***** **** it's * ****** *** *** ** the ***** ** *** ******** *********, so **'* * ****** ********* ** measure.
****'* ******** **** *** ** ***'* know ** **** ***** **** *******. Because, *****, ****** *********** ** * much ****** *** ** ******** *** occurrence ** ***** ** ***** ** whether ** *** ** ******** ** compared ** ******** **** ******** ** a **** ** ** **** ******* the ******.
****: **** ***** ***** *******, ********** in *** **, * *** ** times, ******* ** ***** ****** *** police *** **** **** ******* *** court ******, *** ***** ******, ***** is ****** ***** *******.
**: *******. ** **** ***** ******* a ****** **** *** ** ************ look ********* ** ****** ***** ***** and, * **** * *** ** police ********* *** **** *** **** good ** ** ********* *****, ** that's ******** **** ********* **** ** should **.
Beware ** *** ****** ***** ** ****
****: *** ***** ********** ****** *** value *********** ** ***** ************?
**: **** ** *** **** ** value ***********, *** *** ******* ****?
****: **** ** ***** ***** *** a **** ** ****** ***** ************. In **** ********, * ***** ** was ********* ************ *** **** ******** of ****** **** ***,*** ****** ** the ** ****** **** **** ** CCTV ******. ** ******, * ***** there *** ***** *,*** ************** *** the ******** ** ****, ** **** point ** ****, ***'* **** * video ************ ******, *** ** *** future **** **, ** ********** ******** becomes ******* **** ****** **** ******** and ** **** ******, ** ***** from * ******** **********, **** ******** for **** ****** *** *** ******* cities ** ****** ****. ** *** technological *****, ***** *** ****** ******* but **** *** ***** ********** *****, in ***** ** ********** ***** ** closing *****, *** *** *** ********** change **** ***** ***********?
**: **** ********. ** ** ******, and * **** ***** *** ***** cities ** **** **** ****** ** since ******** *** ********* * ***** surveillance ****** ** ***** *******, *** maybe **** ** ******** *** * country **** ****** **** ****'* ***** completely ** ***, **my ****** ** *** * ****** ****** ** ********** *** **********, ********* **** ** * ******. So it's one thing to say 'we have x amount of dollars in the budget, cameras cost x amount of dollars, so we can get this many.' You have to keep in mind that that's going to require for you to hire personnel, you're either hiring new personnel to watch the cameras or you're diverting personnel from other tasks to watch cameras. You're going to have demands on public requests, so if someone makes a public information request for footage you have to pay someone to look through everything, download it onto disks, e-mail it out, so there's all these ongoing costs that aren't obvious at first. So you consider that alongside the fact that the mere presence of cameras is not going to solve your crime problem by itself, you're going to have to do some kind of proactive activity in tandem, all of that needs to be taken into consideration before considering how many cameras you can truly afford. And if after doing all of that analysis, a city determines that they can afford 40 cameras, my really hard advice would be stop at installing 40 cameras. Resist *** **** ** *** *** ******* **, ****** *** **** ** ***** ****, ** ******* **** ****** **** ** **** because you frankly can't afford to do so because it's not just about paying for the cameras, it's about paying for the cameras as well as all of the other things that need to be in place for video surveillance to be successful. I'm not sure if I directly answered your question but that's kind of where I'd come down on it. [emphasis added]
* ***'* ***** *** **** **** technology ** ******* ******* *********** ***** that **** ****** **** ** ****** in ******* **** *******, * ***** think **** **** ** **** ** honest **** ** **.
Blanketing ****** ** **** ******* **** *** ****
****: **** *** ****** ** *** China ****** ***** ************ ******* *** how **** **** ** ******* ****** with *******? *** *** ********* **** will ****** ** * ***** *** other *********? ** *** ***** **** might ** * **** *****?
**: * *****'* **** *** ****** research ** *****, *** * ***'* think *** *******-***-****** ******** ** *** wisest *** ** ****** **** **********. But *********** * ***** **** * lot ** ******, * ***** **'* hard *** ****** ** ****** **** urge ******* ** ***'** * ******** in ***** ************ **********, ** ** your ***** ** ****** *** ****** do ***** **** ****'* * **** use ** ****** *********, **'* **** human ****** ** ***, *******, ***'* get ** **** ** ** ** possible. ***'* ***** ***** ****** **** block ******* **** ** **** * good **** **** ** **** ** much ** ** ** ** *** afford. *** ******* **,there's **** ** * ***** ** ********** *******. ****** ******* ***'* *********** ***** ** ********** ** ** *******. *** ******* ******* ***'* *********** **** ***** ** ********** ** ** *******. At a certain point, it becomes too large for you to actually realize the benefits that you think you're getting out of it. [emphasis added]
*****, **'* **** ** ***** ****** to ***** *** ********. ** *** time, * **** * ****, * was ******* ***** ***, * ***** this *** *** ******* ****, *** one ***** *** *** ********* ****** officer *** ******, * *** ********** the ******** ** **** ********** **** we *** ***** *********** *** * summer, ** ****** **** ****** ** surveillance ******* **** * ********* **** of ******** ******* ** ******** ****** units *** *********** **** ** ***** was, **** ** *** ****, *** cameras ****** ************* **** ** ******** violent *****, ********, *** ********* *****, in ******** ** *** **** ** motor ******* ***** **** **** *** been ******* ** *********. ** ***********, I **** **** ************ *** ** closing ** *** ***** *** ****, we ***** ** ** ** ********, we ********** * ********** ****** ** cameras, *** ****** ********** ******* **** and **** ***** *** **** ******** they *** ** ******** ** *** intervention, ** ****'* *** ** ******.
*** **** *******, ********* *** **** speaker *** *** ***** *** ** entire **** ********* ** *** ***** row, ***** ****** *****, **** ** there *** **** ****** *** ****, as **. ****'* ******** *****, *** more *******, *** ******, *** ** dream ** ** ***** ***** ****** corner ** **** **** **** *******, which ** ********* *** ******** ** what * ****. **** *** ** a ********* ** ***** ************, ** was ******* ** **** **** ** study ***** **** ****** ******** ***** reduction ******* **** **** ****** ** cameras, *** ** ******'* **** ******* but *** *******. *** *** **** guy ** ******** ******* ***** ** try *** ***** *** ****** **** in ******* ******* *** **** *** research **** ****'* *** **** *** should **.
More *********? ***** ********?
**** ** ********** ** *********** * dialogue **** **. **** *** ***** video ************ / **** ***********. **** would **** ******* **** ** *** more ******** ** ***** **?
**** *********** *****. **. ****'* ******** has ******* ** *** *** ** video ************ ** ******, ** **** his ********, ******* ******* ** * street **** ** ******* **** ** dedicated ****** **** **** *** ***** crime ** *** *********** ****.
* ***** ******* ***** ***** *** a ******** ****** * ***** ***** note ******* ***** *** ******* ** not *** **** ** ****** ***** to ** * "*********."
**** ** * ******** ********* *** case. **** *** ******* ******** ** cameras ******* * ******** ** ********* deter *****-** *********? * ** *** know ** ****** *** **** ******* this, *** * ***** ******* ** conventional ****** ***** ** ** ******* that ** ***** *** ****** ** (i) * ********/********* **** ****** ***** and ******* ******** *******, *** (**) a ********/********* **** ** ******* *******/************ equipment, ** ********** **** ******** ********** would ****** *** ****** *** *** commission ** *****.
** ******** *******. * ***** ******* used ** ** * ********* ** petty *********, *** ** ** ******. My ******* ******** ******** ***** ** retail ****** *** ****** *****. ***** two ***** *** *** ****** ******* increasing. *** **** **** ******. ***-***** people ***** **** *** **** *** store, ***** * ***** ** ******* into * ***, *** ***. *** "high-Tech ************ ******" *** **** ********** in *** ***** *** ** *** police *** ****. ****** **** ****'* care. **** *** ** ***** * lot ** ***** *** *** **** to **** ****** **** **** **. I **** **** ******* ** **** Goose ** **** $***, ****** *****, give ** ****.
* *** ****** ***** ****** ** get **** *** ***** **** * $1000 ** **** ****, ***** *** arrested, ***** ** ** ****, ***** not, *** **** **** **** *** steal *****. **** **** ******* ****'** been ****** ** ******, **********, *** arrested.
* ***** **'* * ********* **** of ******** *** ***** ***** ****.
**** ** **** ******** ***** *** to ***** ** ******* *****? *** there ******** ** ********* ********* (****** weekends, ****** **** * ******* ****** is ** *** ********, ****** ****** unemployment/welfare ****** *** ******, ********* ****)? Maybe *** ******* ***** ** ** would ** ** *** *** ****-***** goods ******* *** **** ** *** store ** ******* ***'* ****-*-***. ** make *** ****** ** ** ***** so *** **** ** *** **** is *** ** ******.
**** ******* ** *********** *** *****. Since **'* ******** ****** *****, *** you **** ** ** **+ ** purchase ******, ** ****** *** ** the **** ***, ******* ** ** the **** **** *** ******* ***** necessary.
** ***, ** **** ******* **, for ** ***** ******, *** ** camera, *** **** ****** *** ***** stealing, *** ****** ******* **** **%. Some ****** *** ******** *** *** flaws ** *** ********** ******** ** well, *** ****'* ******* ** ***. It's *** * ******* ******.
** ****** *** ** *** **** now
*** ******* ** **** **** **** reduces ********* / *******? *** ******* risk ** ********** ******** ********** ** that ** ******* ********* / *******, thereby ******** *****.
*'* *** * ******** ***** ****** our ***********, * ***' ** *** installs, **** ** * **** ** in ***** "***********". *** ***, ***** was ******* ** ****. **** ****** a **** **** ** ** ******** about *** ********** ******, *** **** violence. **'* **** ** ********* *** almost * **** *** ** **** of *** ****** *** **** ***** worry ***** **** ** *******, **** though ** *** ***** ****'* ****. All *** ***** ********* **** ******* me *** * ***** *** **** like ********* ***** *** *** ****. But * ***** **** ***** **** more ** ** **** *****.
** *** **** ****, ******* ** the *** ****** ***** ** ** province, ** *** **** **** ******* (spirits) ** *** *** **** ***** to **. ** ***** * *** casual ********* ****, *** ***** ** no ********** ** ** **. **** and **** *** ** ****** *********, but ***** *******.
***** ** ****'* (*** ******'* ************) do *** *** ****** ** ****, we *** *** *** ****** ***** as ** ****** ** *** ********** entrance. ***** * **** *** ** checks ***** ** **** ** ****, but ***** * **** ** ** check ***** ******** ***** * *** until ** *** *** *** ** check. ****** ********* ***. **** *** thought ** *** ******** ***** ** to ******* ***** ******* ** ******, until **** **** *** ****.
* **** **** ** ***** ******* doing *** ********, ****** ****** *** business **** **** "** ***** ********* are ***** ** ** ********!" *** yeah, **** ****, *** **** ***'* really ** **** ** ***. *********** stores, ******* ****** *** ***** ********* with ****** ****** ***** **** **** experiencing *** ***** ******** ** ** were. *** *** ***'* ******* *** entrance ** * ******* *****. *** can't *** ****** ** **** ***** ID ******* ** ** *** *****. And **** *** ***** ***** ********** types **** ***'* **** *** ********** monopoly ** **. ** *** ******* Stores **** *** ******* ** ********* what ** ***, *** *** ***** didn't, ******* *** **** ****** ***** just ** ** *** *****. ** it's ****** *** **, *** ** won't **** *** ********.
***** ********* *** ***** *** **. Piza *** ******* **** ********. * definitely *** *** *** **** ***** LEAs ***** ** *** **** ******* they *** *** ********* ******* ** how ** ******** *** ************* ** the ******
* **** **** ****-**** ***** ********* was **** ** **** * **** in **** *********. **** ** *** real **** *******, ********** *** *** first **** ***** ** *** ********* about *** **** **** ***** ** a ****** *** ** *** ******** it **** ******** **** ****** **.
******** *** *** ****** **** ******** have: “** ****, ** ****” —> at ***** **** ** ***. ***** mask ******* *** ******** ******* *** usefulness ** ******* ** ********** ***** evidence.
*******, **** ******* ******* ******** ***** benefits:
-********** (***** ** *** ******* ******** and **** **** **** *** **** are *** * *** ** ******** cameras)
-**** *** ********* ** (** *** buildings) *** ********** ************ (** *** industry)
-******* ***** ** **** (************ *********** and *** ***-*****)
-************* ** *** *** ***** ***** occurs (** ****** ********* ********** **********)
-********* (** ****** *******; ***)
-******* ********* ********** **** ********* ******** and ***** ********** (*******: ******** ****** lawyers ********** ***** ** **** ********** with ** ******* ** ***** *** easier ** ***; *** **** ** real *** ******* *** *** ****)
-********** ** ********* (** *********)
-********** *********** *** ******** *****
-******* *******
... ******* ****** ** ********* ************.
-******* ********* ********** **** ********* ******** and ***** ********** (*******: ******** ****** lawyers ********** ***** ** **** ********** with ** ******* ** ***** *** easier ** ***; *** **** ** real *** ******* *** *** ****)
-********** ** ********* (** *********)
*********** ******* ** ************** *** **** in *** *******-******, ****** ***.
**** **** ** ******** **** **. Piza ***** **** **** ****. **** commenters ******** *********** ****** ***** *** deterrence ***** ** **** ** *** private ******; ** *** **** *** follow-up ********* ****** ***** ** **** thread *** * **** **** **** to **** **** ***** ** **. Piza *** * ********* ****** ****.
* ********** ***** ******* ***'* ***** much ** ********. ** *** *********** to **** **** ***** ****'* **** much ******** ** **** ** ***** Resolution. **** ** ** *** *******, an ******** *********. *** **** *** enforcement ***** ***** ******* **** **** of ***** ** ***** ******? **** about *** ** ****. ******* *******, I ******* * *** ** ***** would ** ****** ** *****. ***** article.
**** *********** *** ***** *******. * do ******** ****** **** ******* *** not * *********. * ***'* **** a ******** ****, *** * ***** suspect ***** ***** *** * ******** casing * ***** ***** **** ******* there *** ******* ** *** *** that ** ****** ***** ** ** a "*********." ******* ** *** **** go ******* **** ** ** ********** because ******* **** **** *********** ** camera ** *******.