Network Cabling for Video Surveillance Guide

** **** ** **** guide, ** ***** *** fundamentals ** ******* ******* for ***** ************ ********, how **** ****** ** installed, *** *** *********** in ******* **** *** production ********.

************, ** *******:

• *** ** **. *** 6a ** *** ** Basics
• *** **** **** *** 5e ** ***** *********** for *****
• *** **. *** ********
• **** *** ****** *** STP
• ***** **. ******** **. CCA
• ***********
• ***** **************
• ******* *********
• *** *********
• ***** ********
• ***** ***** ***** & Hooks
• ********** ** ***** *******
• *** ******* **** ** Vital
• ******** ********* ******* *****
• ************ **************
• ********* *******
• *********** *****
• ***** *********
• ***** **********
• ***** **********
• ******** ******* *********, ********** and **********

[***************]

Cat ** ** *** ** ** ****

*** ***** *** ** *** the *** **** ****** UTP ****** **** *****, while *** * ** a ***** ******** *** super **** ********* *********** where ***** ** *** a ****** ******. *** three ***** **** ******* construction, **** ** ** four ******* ***** ** copper **** ** *** range ** **-** *** under * ****** ******. They ** **** **** key ***********, *******:

• *** **: *** ** is ***** ** * max ********* ********* ** 100 ***. **'* **** use ************ *** **** for **** ******** (*******-*), but **'* ******* ** gigabit ****** ***** *** four *****, ** ****. Cat ** **** ***** conductors, **** *** **********. The ********* ***** ***** a ********* ******** *** 5e *****:

• *** **: *** ** is ***** ** * max ********* ********* ** 500 ***. * ******* of ******* ******** *** created ** **** ********* of *** ****** *********** characteristics ** *** **** two ***** *** ******* speeds *** ** ******* of ** ** **-******* Ethernet. *******, **** ******* transmission ***** **** **** pairs *****. *** ** often **** ** *** conductors, ***** ***** ** less ******** *** ***** it * ****** ******* diameter, ********* **** **** in ************. *** ** cables **** ******** *** a ******** ******* ** the ***** ** ******** separate ******* *****. *** following ***** ***** * stripped *** ** *****. The ***** ********* *** be **** ** *** middle ** *** *****:

• *** **: **** ****** and **** ******* *****-**** specifications **** *** **, Cat ** ****** *** rated ** * *** operating ********* ** **** MHz. ***** ********* **** gauge ** ********* ********* from *** **, *** faster ********* ** *** 7a ** * ****** of ******* ***** **************, and *** ********* ********* of * **** ******* shield *** ********** **** shield. ********** ** ***** at *** **** **-******* Ethernet ******** ** *** 6a, *** *** ***** bandwidth ******** ** *********** for ******* ***** ************ applications *** ******** *** connecting ******* ** ********. The ***** ***** ***** the ******** ********* ** Cat ** ******:

***** **** *** ******** characteristics, ***** *** * number ** ***** ********** which ***** ****** *** tested ***, **** ** crosstalk (************ ******* **********), attenuation (****** **** *** to ********), *** ****** loss (**** ** ****** power *** ** ********* signal). *** ** *** Cat ** **** *** tested *** *********** ********** Cat ** ** ***, essentially *** ****** ************ rejection. ***** *******, ******** with ********* *********, *** what ***** ******-***** ****** to ******* ******.

Do * **** *** ** ** *** **?

***** ** *** ***** information, *** ******** **** becomes ******* ************ ************ need **** ***** *********** provided ** *** ** or *** **? **. IP ******* ** *** need ******* ******** ***********, and *** ** ** more **** ****** *** connecting ******* ** ********.

** *** ***** ****, many ** ************* **** standardized ** ***** *** their ****** **************, **** for ****** ******** *** for ******* **** ************. Even ** ** ******* do *** ******* *** extra ************ ** *** 6a, **** *************** *** require *** ***** ************ devices ** *** ***** as ****.

***** *** ** ** Cat ** **** **** potential, *******, ** ** locations ***** *** ** more ********* ************. ***** include "*****" ********** **** a *** ** ** or *************** ************, ***** may ****** ************ ******. High ************ **** ********** impact ***** ***********, ** throughput ********* ** *********** increases. *******, ** * large ****** (***+) ** cables *** ** ********* in *** **** ****, such ** * ***** tray, ****** ******** *** occur.

*** ** *** *** 7a's ******** *********** ****** them ** ****** ************ from ***** ******* ******* better **** *** **. Additionally, **** ****** ***** for **** ******** *** to ********* *********. **** means **** ***** *** performance *** ** ********** due ** *** ** the ***** *******, ** has * ****** ****** of *********** * ****** level ** *********** ***** Cat ** ***** ***. Substantially ********* *********** *** lead ** ******** *** ghosting ** *****, ** just ***** ***** ****.

STP **. *** ********

* ***** ******** ********** between *** *** ***, or '********** ******* ****' cabling ******* *** ******* differences. *** ***** ****** the ********** ******** ********* surrounding **** ***** ** STP:

'*********' ****** *** ** confused **** '***** *********' where * ****** ***** or ******** **** ** mesh ****** *** ****** bundle ** *****. ***** the ******** ** ************ wrap ***** ****** ***** wrap *** ****** ****** shares **** ** *** same ********, **** *** not ********** ** *** other *** ****** ** different ***********.

*** ****** ************ *** shielded ******* **** *****, 'STP', ** ********* ***** as '*/***' ** '**********/****-******** twisted ****'. ** ******* standards ******* *** *** refined **** ****, ******* products ******* ** ****-*** data ****** ************ **** driven ******* ** *** nomenclature. *******, *** **** surveillance ***** ************ '***' is **** ****** ****.

Electrical ************: ***** ******

** *** ***** ************ world, *** ******** ** often ** ******* *** NVRs, **** ****** ********* to *** ******* ** between. **** ***** ******* problems *****, ** *** be * *********** ******** to **** ****** *** tweak ********, **** ** discover ******** *** ***** present. *******, ****** * hard **** ** ******* can ******* ********* ******. Take *** ******* ** the ***** *****:

********** ************ ** *** cabling ****** ***** **** type ** *******. *** only **** *** ***** transmit ******** **** *******, but ** **** *** attract *** ******** ********* 'noise'. * ******** ***** can ***** ** ** 'ad-hoc *******' ***** ********* why ***** ********* ** sometimes ********.

*** ***** ****: "***'** only ** ****** ** your ******* ****." **** certainly ******* ** ***** networks, ***** *** *********** of *****-***** ******* *** video ********* *** ** ruined ** ****** ******* design.

Physical ***********

*** ********* **** ********** the ******** *********** ******* UTP *** ***.

• ******** **** ******:* **** ***** ** foil, ******** ********, ********* wire *****. **** ***** is ***** ****** *** 'drain', *** **** ** properly **********. ******* ** adequately ****** *** ***** can ******* *** ******** that *** ******** ** mitigate.
• ******* ******:*** ***** ****** ** foil ******** *** ****** add ******** ** *** cable ******. ** * result, * ******* ******* insulating ****** ** ******, which **** ********. *******, STP ** ******* *** thicker ******** ** ***, and *** ** **** difficult ** ******* ** a ******.
• *****, **** ******, *** Groundwires:********* ** *** ***** manufacturer *** ***** ** STP, ***** ******** *** be ******* *** ******** found ** *** *******. This ******** ******* ******* 'core' ******, ******* ** aid ********* *** ******, and ********** ********** ********* wires.

Functional ***********

***** ********** ******** ******** provide *** **** ********** that *** **** *** possess.

• *** **********:*** ******* ********* ** shielding ** ********** **** environmental*************** ************, ** ***. ******* each **** ** ************ wrapped, *** ******* *** ambient ************ ** ******** and ***** **** *** cable ** ************* ********* or **********.
• ******** **** *****: ************ *** ** a '***-*** ******' ** that ********** ******* ** a ****** ****** ** interference. ** **** ************, like ********* ******* ******* or *************, ****** ******** cabling *** ** * uncontrolled ******* *** ************. Again, *** ******** ** pair ********* ********* ** eliminates **** *******.
• ****** ************ *****: **** ******* ******* that *** ********* ** noise ********* *** ********* capabilities ** ******** *******. However, ***** ****** ****** be *** **** **** caution. *** ***** *********** in ************ **** *** likely **** ***** ** the ******* '********' ** cable ***** ****** *********** rather **** *** ********* in ***. ** *** case, *** ********** ******** in ************ ****** **** also ** ********* ** the *********** **********. ************ speeds *** **** ** fast ** ***** ** Cat * ************ *** rated, ***** ********* *** impact ** **** *****.

Cost **********

***** *** **** ******* $20 ** $** *** camera ******** ** *** cabling, ******** ***** **** of *** ****, ***** on *** ***** ***** ~40% **** **** *** and ********* ** *** much ********** ***** ** larger ******* ** ****** for *** ******, ******* and **** ***** ***.

Where ****** *** ** ****?

*** ****** ******: ******** interference ***** ** * problem. ***** **** ***** is ****** ******, **** are **** ****** ******* of ************ **** ****** network *****:

• ******** ** **** ******* Wiring:***** ****** *** ********* with **** ************ **** when *** ******** ** each *****. **** ****** run * ********* ******** apart ****** * ******** raceway *** ** * source ** ***** ************. While ** **** ************* exists *** **** ** use *** ** **** situation *** *****, **** practices ** **** ********** design ****** **** *** data ******* ******* *** same *******, ********** ** how ** ** ********* in*** ** *******, **** ** *** using *** *****.
• **** ********* *******:**** ******* *** **** common ***************** ******** **** electric ******, ***** ************, magnetic *****, ** ********* can ********* *********** ***. These ******* *** ************* by ***** '*********' **********, ** ***** reliance ** ******** ****** for *********. ******* **** HVAC *********, *********** ****, door ********, ********** **********, and ********** ********* *** generate ****** ************ ** degrade ***** *******.
• *** *******/****** *******:****** *** ******* ************* radios ******* **** ************. While * ***** ******* may *** ** *********** enough ** ** * problem, ******** **** **** near **** ******* ********* or ************ ****** ** run ***** *** ** eliminate ********.
• *********** ***** ********:*** ** *** ******* sources ** *** *** these ****** ***** ********. Given *** ****** ********** of ******** ****** ******* directly ******** ** ***** fixtures ** ******** **** ceilings, ** ******* ****** be *** ** ****** cable *****, ** ****** be *** ***** *** cable.

Practical ***

** *** **********, *** vast ******** ** *** surveillance ******** ******* *** been *** ***** ***, and ** **** ** significant ****** ** ******. We **** ** *** LinkedIn ***** ** ***** how ******** *** ** used, *** * *********** majority ***** ***** "******" to "*****". ***** ********** networks **** *********** ****** is ************ ************ ** datacenter *** ********** ****** "**** *********", ** ** **** significant ** ******* ** video ******* ******?

When ** ***** *** *********?

******** ***** **** ************** recently ******** *** ** STP ********* *** ******* cameras *** ************ **********:

"*** ************** ** ** deploy ** *** ******* cable ** ********* ********** environments. ******** ** ********* indoor ************ *** ***** the ******* ***** ** located ** ******** **** electrical ***** ****** ****** or ***** ***** ********* loads **** ** ****** or ********** *** ** close ******** ** *** camera ** *** *****.It ** **** ********* to use an STP cable where the camera is used outdoors or where the network cable is routed outdoors."

**** ** * **** statement ***** ****~**% ** *** ******* are ********* *******. ********* ****' ************** may *** ***** * significant ******** ** ******* project **** *** ** is ****** ******** ******** to ****** ******** *****.

******, *** ********** ********* with *** *********** *********** of ***. *** ******** use ** *** ** where ******** ** *** in *** '**** ****' areas ********** *****, ** where *****-********* ******** *** endpoint ******* ** *** possible.

Solid **. ******** **. ***

*** ***** ** ******* varies, ********* ** *** manner *** ********* ** constructed. *** ******** ** the ********* ****** ** commonly ****** ** ********, with ******** ********* ** a *******, *******, *** less ********** **** ****.

********* ****** ****** *** higher **********, *** *** heavier *** **** ******. Because ** *** ****, using ***** ********** ** often ******** ** '********' varieties, ***** ** ******** of ******** '*******' ** copper ***** ******* ******** into * ****** *********.

*******, *** ****** ***** results ** ****** *********** in **********, **** ***** conductors ***** ****** **** stranded *****.

*** *********** ******* ***** vs ******** ** ***** more ********** **** ****** strands *** ****** *** of ****** ****** ******** conductor, ****** '***' *****. While *** ***** ********* of *** ******* *******, it *** ** * big *********** **********:

1. *** ********* *** **** brittle *** ***** ** break ****** *******.
2. *** *** ****** ********** than ******, ***** ******* in **** ********** ******* drops *** ********* ****, a *********** *** ******* when ***** ***.
3. *** ******** **** *******, resulting ** ********* ********** and ******** ***********.
4. *** ********* *** ****** attenuation ***** *** ******** flaws ** ***** *********.

Top * ***** ************ ****

**** *** *** *** 5 ****:

*.***** *** ******: *** ** *** most ****** ********** **** running ***** ** ********** labels. ** ** ********** covered ** ******** ******** **** ***************, ** ******* *** a *** ******* ** labor ** ******** ****** can **** ********* ** dollars ** *************** **** later. ****** *** ******* to ******* ********* *** specific ***** * ****** is ***** *** ***** it ** ********* ** a ****** **** ***** work ** *********** ******* 'hunt & ****' ********** efforts.

*.*** ***** *****/*****/******:***** ******* ***** **** ceilings ** ***** ******* have * *** ** becoming ******** ******* ****** over ****. ********* * ceiling **** **** ****** or *****, *** ****** run **** *** *********. In ******* * ***** above, *** ******** ***** of *** ******* ** due ** ******* ****** project **** ****** **** aside *** ******* ** an ********. **** ***** substantial ********* *** **-********* of *****, *** ****** had ******** **** ****** outages *** ********* ***** runs. *** ****** ***** show ******** ** ***** and ***** ** ***:

*.****** ***** ** *********:***** * ******** ***** to ****** ****** ****** to * ******* ****** can ** *********. ** Example * *****, **** colors *** **** *** in * ****** *******. Staying **** * ***** scheme, **** **** *** required ** ** *********** standard, **** **** ********* 'monochromatic *********' ** ******* multiple **** ******** ** low-voltage ******* ********.

******* '****' *** '****' jacketed ****** *** *** most ****** ******** ******, and '***' ** ******** for **** ****** ************, the **** '******** *****' colors *** ***** ************ available ** **** ************ are ******, *******, *******, and *******. ******* **** non-standard ***** ******* *** available ** ****** ****, and *** **** ******* by ***** **** **** and ***** ****.

*.**** * ***: *** **** ** drawing * *** ** cable **** *** ***** invaluable ********* *** ************ maintenance, ** **** *** be ********** ** ***** projects **** ***** ******* cabling. ** *** ******** of ******* ** *******, it *** ****** **** seen ** '*** ********' or **** '*** ** service'. *******, * *** of **** *** *** it's ****** ******** ** a ***** **** ***** it **** ** ****** and ******* ************ ** part ** * ******** system. ******** **** *** information ** ******** ** vital **** ******** ****, and ***** **** **** is ********* **** ******* the ******** ** ***** of *******, *** *** must ** *******.

*** ***** ********** **-***** or **** ******* ** design/installation ******* ****, ******* is *** ***** ******** to ******* ***** **** (see *** '******* *** ************' ******), ** **** can ****** ** ************ into ******** ***** ****. However, *** ********** *** occasional *** *******, * program **** ***** (*** our '***** *** ************' ******) ** ****** to ******** *** ***.

*.***'* *** ********* ******* Loops: *** ** *** most ******, *** ********** messy, ****** ** *********** is ** *** *** excessive ******* ** ***** as '******* *****' ** the *** ** ***** runs. ******* ***** ****** contain * *** **** of ***** ******* ** cover *** ********** ****** shift ** ******* **** movement. *******, ******* ** twenty ** ***** **** at *** *** ** runs '**** ** ****' needlessly ****** **** *** creates *******.

*** ******* *****, ***** standards ********* ** ** the **** *** ** at *** ****** ** device. **** **** ** says *********. ** ** recommended ***** ***********, *** excessive ***** *** ***********.

*** *********** ****** ** line ************ *** ******** bend ***** ********** ** lengthy ******* ***** *** negate *** ********* ******* the ***** ***** *** provide ** *** ******. Using '**** ******' ***** reduces *** ****** ** cable ** ************, **** neatly ** ***** ******, and **** *********.

Installation **************

***** ** '*********' **** or **** ****** *** running *****, ***** ************ * ****** ** 'best ********' ********* ****** *** ************. Frequently, **** ************ ************** are ********* ** * bid ** ***** ** work, * ***** *********** number ** *****. ***** documents ****** *** ************ work ** ** ** executed,and ****** *********** ********* the * **** ***** as **** ** * network *******. ***** *** commonly ***** ***** ***:

• ****/***** ***-****, ******** *** Telecommunications ******* *** ********* Planning *** ************ ******* for ********** *********
• ***** ***-****, **** ****** Design *** ************** **** Practices
• ****/***** ***-****, *********** ********* Systems ****** ******** *** K-12 *********** ************
• ****/****/***** ***-****, ******** *** Installing ********** ******** ****************** Cabling
• ********** ****** *** ******** Design ********* ****** (******)
• ****************** ************ ******* ****** (TDMM)

**** ** ******** ** not ********** ***** **** must ******* ** *** or **** ** *** spec ******, ** ** in *** *********'* **** interest ** **** *** guidelines ** ***** ** order ** **** *** 'nightmares' ** ***.

Cable *******

****** ***** ************ ** key ** *******-**** ************ systems.

*******, ******* ** ***** an ************, **** ******** only ********** **** ******* have ********, ********* ** increased ***************, ** **** worse, **************. ******, *********** testers *** *********, ***** can ****** ******* ***** issues ******* ****** *********** install ****.

The ***** **** **** **** *****

*********, ********** *** ********** and *** * **** test **** ***** ** select ****:

• ********** *** *** **** of *** ***** ** test ** ***/******* *********, which ******* ************ ******** and *********** ********** **** performance. **** ******** ** high ***** ** ~$**,***, 4 ** ** ** a ********.
• ********** ******* * ******** technical **** *** ** not *********-*********, ****** ********* to **** * '**** world' **** ** * lower ***** **** **********.
• ********* ******* **** ***** cable ******* **** ****** issues **** ** *********, loss, *** ****. ***** main ****** ** **** the ******* ***, ** far *** ********, ** only * *** ******* dollars.

*** **** ** ***** information **** ********** ***** ******* *****

Cable *********

***** ********* ******* *** most ****** ***** ****** to ****** ***** ***** performance, ****** ***** ******** and ********* **** ** manufacturer. ********* ******* ** the ******** **** **** itself, *** *** ** more ****** *****, ******* into *** *** *** of *** ***** ** be ******. **** **** allow ******* ** **** cables *** * *********.

*** **** ****** ******** of ********* ***:

• *******:******* ********** ******* *** is ********** *********, **** the ******* ***** ** the ***** ***** ** the *********, ********* *****/*** ****/*. **** *** ** displayed ***********, *** **** or *******. ********* ******* is **** ******* ** use *** *** *************, as ** ******** ******* which **** *** *** issue, *** *** **** are *******. ** *** case ** **** ******, it ****** ***** ******* there *** *** ****** between ****** *** ****** conductor.
• ******/******** ** *****:*** ******** ********** *** length ** ***** ** installers *** ** **** UTP **** *** ****** 100m. **** ******** **** shows *** ******** ** cable ******, **** ** breaks *** ******, ** repairs *** ** **** more ******.
• ***** **************:**** ****** **** *** a ****** **********, ** that ***** *** ******* to ******** ****** ** jacks ** ****, *** use *** ******** **** to ****** ****. **** can ***** *************** ** cables *** ******** ** mislabeled, ******* ** ****** to ***** * ****** cable ** * ****.
• ******* *********:**** ****** ********* *** detect *** *** ** Ethernet, ***, ** **** telephony ** * *****, and ***** ***** *** used. ***** **** **** not ****** ****** *********, it **** **** ******* a ***** ** ******* into * ****** ** cross-connected ** * ***** line.

********* ********* ** *** save *** ***** **** results, * ******* ******** found ** ********** *** certifiers, ****** **** ********** are *********, **** ** the ********************.

**** ***** ***** ******* the *** ** * typical ********.

******* *******

***** ********* ***** ** price **** ***** $***-*** USD, **** **** ********* driven ** ******* **. LED *******, ******* ****, and ****** ** *********.

***** **** ****** **** as *** ***** *** II (~$*** ******) ******* * ******* display *** ******* ********** of ******* ******** ** the ********* ******* ** more ********* ******. **** fully ******** ******* **** as ******** ************(~$*** ******) *** ************ ******** (~$***), ***** * ****** graphical ******* *******, ** the ******* ** **** test *******.

**********

********** *** **** ********** functions, *** *** *** precisely ********** *** ******* to *********, ****** **** the ****** ****** ******* verifiers *** **********.

*** ****** ********* ******* the *******, ******, ************** and ******* ********* ** verifiers, *** *** ********* such **:

• ******* *******:******* ** ****** ********* Ethernet ******* ** * cable, ********** **** ****** tests ** ***** ***** bandwidth *** ***** ****** and ******** ******* ** will ******* **/***, ***, etc. ***** ***** ********* include *********, ****** *** to *** ***** * certifier *****.
• *** *******:******* ** ****** ********** that *** ** *******, qualifiers ******* ************ **** as ******* *** ******* wattage, ***** *** ******** whether * **** ** 802.3af ** ***.**, *** troubleshoot ****** **** ***** budget.
• ***** **** *******:*** **** ******** ** qualifiers ****** **** ******* to **-***** *******, ** these *** ** ******* out ** ****** ** the *** ** * project *** *************.
• **** ******** ********:********** ******* **** ******** fault *********** **** *********, showing *** ********* ******** to *** ***** *****, and ******* **'* * short ** ********* *****, often ****** ** ******* or ******* (*** *** cut) ******.

Product *******

********** *** * ***** price ******** **** *********. The***** ************ *** *****$*,*********, **** **** ***** the ***** ** ***** verifier *****, *** ************. Some, **** ** *****'* SignalTek **** (~$*,*** ******), *** ****** **** higher.

********** *** *** ** widely ********* ** *********, with *****, ******** ********* **, *************** *** ******* ***, ***** **** ** the **** ****** *** popular ***** **********.

**********

********** **** ****** ******/***/*** *********, ******* * **** battery ** *****, ********* those *** ** ********* and ********** (*******, ******), while ****** ****** *** running **** ** ***** crosstalk *******.

***** ***** *******:

• *********:**** **** ******** *** amount ** ****** ***** is ****** ******* **** ** * cable ** *******, ** from *** ***** ** another. **** ******** *-* different ********* ***** (**** end, *** ***, ***** crosstalk, ***.) ********* ** the ******** ** *** cable ***** ******. ********** simply **** ***** "*********", without *** ** ***** detailed ************.
• *********** *****:**** **** ** ******* to *******, ********* *** time ** ***** *** signal ** ***** *** far *** ** *** cable.
• ***** ****:**** ***** ******* *** difference ** ***** ***** all **** ***** ** the *****. *********** *********** can ******** ***** ****** or ******** ******.
• *********/****** ****:***** *** ************ ** the ****** **** ****** by ********** ** *** cable *** (********* ****) or ** ********* ****** back ** *** **** point (****** ****) ********* caused ** **** ************ or ***** ******.

**** ***** * ******** **** report ******** ** * cable *********:

Product *******

***** ********** *** *** more ****** **** ***** testers, ********* ** ***** $5,000, ****** $**,***+ ** not ********, **** **** kits ********* ***** ***** adapters ***** ******* *** $20,000. ** ******** ** initial ****, ********** **** be ******* ************ ************ (every *-* *****), ***** ranges **** * *** hundered ** **** * thousand *******.

*** ** *** **** strict ********** ******** *** calibrated ******* **** ** these, **** * ******* of ************* **** ***** certifiers, **** ******** *********** *********** *** ** *** most ******.

What ** * ****?

** *******, *********** ****** keep ** ***** * verifier ** ****. ******* and ****** *** *** key ******** ***** ****** be ****** ************ *******, ***** ** devices ***** *********. ** is ****** *** ** least *** ** *** cables ** ** ************ to **** ******* ** shorted *****. ******* ** simply ******** ***/** **-*********** the ***** ******* ********** the *******, * ******** may **** ******* **** is *****.

***** ***** ***-**** ******** with *** ****** ** support ** *** **** to ****** ** * qualifier. *** ******* ** test ******** *** ******** results *** ** **** not **** *** ************ and ***************, *** ** a **************, ***** **** integrators (********** ***** ****) do *** ******* ***** services ** *************.

**** ** **** ***** should *********** ****** ** a *********, ***** *** quantity ** ****** ** most ******** ******** ** low, *** ****-***** ************* tests *** ***** ********. In **** *********, ********* or **** *** ******* a ********* ** ****, and **** ******* ********** as **** ** *** closeout *******. *******, ** this ** **** * periodic ****, ********** *** available *** **** *** a *** ******* *******, well ***** ***** *** of ****** ****, ** well ** *** **** of *********** ***** ***********.

Fiber *** *** *******

**** ******** *** ******* pair ***** (***/***/****, ***.), which ** **** ** have ******* *****. *** fiber *****, ***:***** ***** ****** *** Surveillance