'Donation Diplomacy' From Dahua, Hikvision, and Huawei Examined

Executive *******

**** ******** ** **** **** **** dozen ********* **** *****, *********, *** Huawei **** *****. ** **** ******-** ******, ** discuss *** ***** ********* **** *** manufacturers ********* ************* **** ***** ******** government ********* **** ***********. ** **** outline *** ******* ********** ***** ******* the ***** ******** ****** ******* *** deployment ** ********, ********** *******.

**********

***-***** ************ ************* ***** ****** ******* into ***** ******* ***** ** ***** ago, ********* ** *** ****-***** ***** tank****** *********.****** *** **** ****, ******* ************* such *********************** ** ********* ***** *** ******** in *** ******.

***** ******** *********** **** ***** ********* PRC *************' ********** ** *** ****** sector, ***** ******* ***** *****, *********, and ****** ** **** **** ***********,********* ** ****** *********. **** *********** ** ********* ** the ******** ****. ****** ******** ********(********), ** ********* ********* ** ********* *. ******* ****** ** ****** Affairs, *** ********** ** ***** ** Austin, ***** ****** *** ************ *******. Dr. ******** **** **** **** ***** American *********** **** ***** *** *****'* earliest ******** ** *** **********:

***** ******* *** *** ** *** earliest ******* ** *** ***** ** start ******** ******* **** **** **********, and ******* *** ** *** ***** of *** ***** ***** ** ***** to ** **** ****. *** ****** of ********* ***** **** ********** ********* to **** ******* ****, ***** ** the **** **** *** ******* ********.

*********, *** ************* **** **** ******** regionally ***** ** ***** ****, ******** ********* ** * ***** ******** in ************* ******** ** **** ****.

Coronavirus *******, ********* ****

*** ********* ** ********* **** ***-***** companies ** ***** ******** *********** *** increased ************* ****** *** **** *** years, ******** ********** ****** **** ** ********* of ******* ********** ** ******** *********** in **** *** ***** ****.

PRC ************* ******* **** *********

*** *** *************' ********* **** ***** the ******** ** ********* ************, *** effect ** ***** *** **** ************ since *** *****.** * **** ******* ********* ** the ******* ** ********* **************,********* ***** *************, ** *** ******* *******, **** corporate ************ *********** * "************ ********" "business **********" **** ******* "********* ************* and **********" **** ** "***** *********** and ******* ****** *********."

**. ******** ****** **** *** *************' Latin ******* ********* ***** ******* ******** benefits ** *** ******:

********* ** ************ ********** *** ******** and ****** ****** ***** ***** ******* purposes. *****, **** ***** ** **** corporate ** ** ***** ** **** concern ** * **** ** ******* about *** ***** ** *****, *** if *** ********** ** ******** ** perceived ** ** ********* ******** ** that *******.

******, ********* *** ** ******** ***** amounts ** *** **********, ** *** part ** * ******, ** ***** that ******* ****** **'* ***** ********* in * ******-***** ********.

*****, **** *** **** **** * small-scale ************* ** ******** ********* **** the ****/****** ******, *** *********** *** neighbors, ** **** * ****** **********—* donation ** ************* ****** ** ***** of *******.

******, ********* *** ** **** ** a ****** ********* ******** ** ****** relationship **********; ** **** ****, ********* of ************/******** ********** ***** *** ** a ********* ******** ******* ** ********* relationships **** ***** *** ***** *********, helping ********* * ******** ******** *** the ******* ** * ***** **** it ***** ** **** ******** ***** of ******** **** *** ******-****.

***** *****(********), * ******** ****** ** ********** ** ******* *********(***), * *** ****-***** ***** ****, echoed *** ****-** ***** ******* **** by **. ******** ** ******** ** IPVM:

Chinese *****, *** ** ******, *** *** *****’* ******* ********* ** ** ************ ********** **** *** ****** ********. These “safe city” programs, as Huawei terms them, encompass everything from facial recognition technology to video surveillance systems. Because Digital Silk Road (DSR) projects tend to package technology in bundles, recipient ****** *** **** ****** ** ******** *********** ********* ************ ** **** ** * ******* ***********, **************, *** ********** (***) ********. The same technology that monitors traffic flows and assigns parking tickets is also used for the digital surveillance of citizens, for example. DSR makes it easier for countries to acquire surveillance technology, providing authoritarian states with greater capabilities to entrench themselves and monitor their populations. Surveillance technology exports through DSR will not turn a democratic country into an authoritarian one, but they could be used to cement authoritarian control where it already exists or abet a mixed regime’s backsliding. Furthermore, the ******** ****** ** *****’* ***** ****** ********* *** ****** ** ************ ***** **** *** ******* ****** **** ****** **** ******** **** **** ** ******** *****. [emphasis added]

Benefits *** ***********?

***** ********* ******* *************, *** ***** gifts **** **** ***** *********** ***********, particularly ** ***** *******, ***** *********** are *** ** **** ****** ** in *** ** *** ****** *** typically ****** ****** *** **********. ** comments ** ****, ***** ******** ******* at **-***** ******* ******** ********* ******* **** **** ** *** **** benefit ** *** *************' ********* ** these ***********:

*** **** ******* **** ***** **** from ***** ******** ********* ** ** save ***** *** ****** **** *** generally ***** ** ********* *********.

Security **** *** *** ***** ******** ******

***** ********** ********* ******* ******** ******** for ************* *** **** ****-******** *********** acquire *** *******, *** ********* **** numerous *********, ********* *************. ********-***** ****** Dahua *** ********* **** **** ********* cybersecurity ***********, ********* ********* *** '*****' *************** **** month************** ************ * *.* ******** ************* impacting **** *** ******* ******* ***** ago.

**. ******** ** *** ********** ** Texas ** ****** ***** ******** ** a "****" ** **** *** *************' donations, ****** **** ** ** ******* where **** ******** ** ******* ******* is ******, *** *** ****** **, and *** ** *** ** ****:

*** ***** ** ***** **** ********** have ** ** **** **** ********, user *******, *** *** ******* ******* the ********* ***** **** ** ***** liberties, ***** ******, *** *** ******* of *********.We ***'* **** ** * *** ** *****, *** *******, ***** *** **** ** ****** *** *** **'* ****** ****. [emphasis added]

****** *** **** ********* *** ************ quality *** ******** ** ******* ********** in *** ******** ** ****, ** addition ** *** ***** ****** ************ of ********* *** ****:

**** ** ***** ** *********, *************, Latin ******** ********* ** *** **** into ******* *** ***** **** ***** technologies ***** *** ***** ******, *** quality ** *** ********, *** ******** measures **** ***, ***.

"Not ****' ** *** ***********

***** **** *************, ***** ** **** the ******* ******* **** *************' ********* constitute ** ****-*********** ********.*****'**** *******************'* ***** ********** **** ****-********** ****** *** **** ***** *** ******** on ******'* ********** ************ **** *** PRC. ******** ***********, **** ** ****, Bosch, ******, *******, *** ******** (*.*., Avigilon, ************, *****) *** *** ******* entities, ******* ************ ********* ** *******. As ****, ***** ********* *** ***-****** to ****** ****-****** ******* ****** *************** or ** **** ***,*** ******* ** ***** ***********, ** Dahua *** ********* **** **** ** São *****, ******'* ******* ****.

****** *** ****** **** *** ********* harm ***********:

It ** **** ***** **** ***** ********* *** *** **** **** *** ***** ** **** ** ***********. It is difficult to know why these companies give away their products and it can only generate speculation. [emphasis added]

Sidestepping ************** ********

****** *** ******* ***** ************ ***** in ***** ******* ** ******* ** transparency** ** ****** ****** **** *** summarized ** ****. *** ** *** ****** **** donations ********* ***** ************** ********, ************ the ********* ****** *** *** ********** is *********** *** ******* ** *** deployment ** *********** *******:

[*]******** *** ******** **** *** ********** the ********* ***** ****** **** ***** allow ******** ******* ***** ************ *** initially ********* *** ************.

********* ***** *** ********* ***** ***** governments **** ******* ** ********, ******** discussion ** *** ********** *** *********** of ********** ************ (*.*., *** ** the ******* ******* ** *****, *** long **** **** ****, ***.) *** instead *********** ****** ******** ** ***** in ***** ** *** ***** ******* of ******* ******** *** *******.

** **** ***** ************ ******* ****** hidden *****, **** ******** *** ** detrimental ** ***** *********** **** *** long **** *** ** *** ****** maintenance ***** ** ****, **** ** those ********** ****** ********** ** *** ************* ***********. **** ****(********) ******* ******** ** ****:

Resist *** **** ** *** *** ******* **, ****** *** **** ** ***** ****, ** ******* **** ****** **** ** **** because you frankly can't afford to do so because it's not just about paying for the cameras, it's about paying for the cameras as well as all of the other things that need to be in place for video surveillance to be successful. [emphasis added]

****** *** ****** **** **** **** of ************, ******* **** * ************* absence ** **************, **** *** ********* a ****-**** *** ***** ******** ************ and *** ****** ** *****:

In ** *** **** **** ******* ***** ******** ********* for the simple fact that these technologies are not beneficial to anyone and because they eliminate the necessary transparency and accountability that should surround any deployment of technologies that may affect human rights. [emphasis added]

**** **** ** **************, ***** **** other *********, **** ** **********, *********** some ********* **** ******* ** ***** governments *** ****** *** *** *** some ******.

PRC ********** ******** **** *********

***** **** *** **** **** *** PRC ********** ******* ******** **** *****-**********/-*****/-****** companies **** *****, *********, *** ****** receiving ******** ** ******, ********** ********* are **** **** ** * ******* strategy ** ********** *** ******* ****** objectives.

*********** **** ************* ******** ********** ** ******** ****. ********* *******, *** **** **** ********** ** quote **** ***** ******* "*****’* ******* *** ********* *******: ******* from * ***** ******* ** **** Diplomacy ** ***** ******* ****** *** COVID-19 ********," ******* *********** ** *** ******* of ******* ******* *******, ***** **** private *** *********' ********* "'****** *** flag' ** *** ***** **** **** follow *** ************ *** ********** ******* made ** *** ************ ******** ** their **** ******* [*** ***]". *** example, *** ******* *********** ******* ******, linking *** ****** **** *** ** rollout *** "****** ******* ** ***** America" ** *** ********-***** ************'* ****** PPE *** ********** ********* ** ** Latin ******** *********.

**** ***** ******* ********* **** *****, *******'* ********** ** **********,****** ****, ***** **** *** *** ** working **** ** ********** ************ *** pull ******** ***** ******** *********** **** from *** **'* *****:

** ******* ** ******* *** ********* [of *******]. ** ***** ** ***** with ***... ***** ** *******, ******, ‘We’re ****. **’** ****** *** *****.’ They **** ******* ** ******, *** they ***’* *** ****.

***** **** ***** **** *** ***'* 'donation *********' *** *** ******** ******** provided ** ***** *********, ******* **** "Ecuador *** ******** *** *****’* ******** of * ******* ******* ***** ** July, **** ****. *** ***** *** already ******** ** *******."

** *****, ******* *********, ******* **** by * *****-***** ******* ** * PRC ********** ******* ******, *** *** is ******* **** ***** ** ***** America *** *********** ***** ********** *********, as ***** ***** ** *** *** notes:

******* ***** *** ********* ***** ***** out [********] **** ******** ********* ****** they *** **** *********** ****, ******** democratic ************ *** ***** *** **** of ******** ** *** ********* ******* of ********** *********** *** ********* *******.

Taiwan ********* **** ** ********* ***********

***** *** ******* ******* ** **** month's ***** ******* ********* ****, **** added *** ***-*** ******* ********* *******'* involvement ** ** ******* **** ******** to *** ********* ****** ***** ****. ***** *** *****(********).

**. ***** *** ***** ** *** of **** ** ********* **** ***** maintain ****** ********** ********* **** ****** in **** ** *******. *********** **** the ********** ******** ********** ** ***** argue **** **** ********* *********, **** PRC *********, *** *** ********** *** are ******* **** ** *** ***** of ******'* ********* ********** *********** *** the '****** ****' (*.*., *********** ********* with ****** ** *** ******* ** closer ***** ********* **** *** ***).

No ********** ********* **** ***-***/****** *************

***** **** ***-***** ************* **** *****, Hikvision, *** ******, *** ******'* *******, IPVM *** *** ***** ******** ** any ***-*****/****** ********* ******** ** ***** American ***********. ****** *** ****** ** comments ** ****:

** ** *** **** ** ***** of ***** ********* ******** ******* ************ in *** ******.

*********, ****** *** ********* **** **** are *** ***** ** *** ********* of ********** ********* ***** ****** **** or ******** ** ***** ******** ****** authorities.

**********

** ********* ** ******** ************** ******** videos ** *** ******* ******** ** PRC *************, **** ** ***** ***** below ********* *** ******* ******** ** a ******* *****, *****-***** **** ****** view ***** ********* ************ ** * PR *** ******** ****. **** ******** the ************* **** ******** ********** *** generates ******** *** **** ******* *** donor *** **** ******* *** *** government.

***** ********* ******* *** ***** ***, by *********, *** ***, *** ********** Latin *********' ************* *** **** *** playing ***** ** ***** ** *****, Hikvision, *** ******. ** *********** ***** tech **** ***** ***** **************, ******** governments *** *** **** ** ****** the *** ******* ******** **** ***** internal *******, ********* ** *** ***'* David *****:

[*]** ****** **** ** **** ***** is **** ** *** *** ******** and ******** ********* ** ******** * veto **** * *******'* *********, ****** than * ******, ***** ******* ** infrastructure. ** * ******, *** ****** States *** ****-****** ********* **** ******** that **** ***** **** ********* ******* to ******** ***** ********* ** ******* their **********.