Hikvision Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities Reported By Lithuania Government

Published Feb 15, 2021 13:26 PM

Nearly 100 vulnerabilities were found in Hikvision firmware by a new report from Lithuania's government. Hikvision refused to provide any response, despite being given 2 weeks time to respond.

IPVM Image

Inside this report:

  • A summary of the vulnerabilities
  • The vulnerabilities explained
  • Comment from Lithuania's Ministry of Defence
  • Continued cybersecurity issues
  • Comparison to Axis firmware vulnerabilities

IPVM Image

Nearly *** ***************

*** ********* ******** ** *********'* ******** ***** Security ******, **** ** *** ******** of ******** *******. ****** ******** *** decompiled *** ******** ******** ******* *** known ****.

*** ****** ********** ***** ******** **** this *******, ******* ****** *** *************** in ******** ******** **** *********** **-*********-********** (**.*.* ***** ******):

****** ******** ******** ********** ** ******** vulnerabilities **** ***** ********* ** *** Hikvision **-*********-** ******. ****** *** *************** had * ****** ***** ******* **** 6.5 (*** ** **).

************, **** ***** **** ***** ******** contained******************* **** ***** ******** (** **. 63) ***** ************** ****** ** ** ******* ******.

Critical ***************

*** ******* **** *** **** *************** and *** **** ******** *** ******* ******* ** ******* (*.*.**), ***** ******** ** ***************, ***** of ***** **** *** ******* ******** score, **/**. ******, ********* *******, *******, and ****** **** **** ****** ***************, scored ** *+.

*** **** ****** ******** *** ********* ramifications ** ***** ***************:

*** ********** *************** ***** ***** ******* to ******* *****-*******, ******** ********* ****** information *** ******* ********* ****. ** addition, *** ****** *** ***** ** be *********** ******** ** ******* (***)*******.

Out ** **** ******** ********

*******, *** ** ***** ******** *** severely *** ** ****, **** **** dating ** **** ** *******, ********* Open *** *** *******, *** ******** with *** **** ****** ***************. ***** versions ** ***** ******** ***** ******* few ** ** ***** *************** *** available, *** ********* *** *** *********** them.

Vulnerabilities *** ********* ****** *******

*** **** *** *** ******* *** of ***** *************** ****** *******. ***** is ** ***** ** ******* ** how ***** *************** *** ** *********. Instead, **** ******* *** **** *** aim ** *** ***** *** ** assess **** *************** ******* *** *** severely **** **** ***** ** *** common ************* ******* ******. ** ** unlikely **** *** ** ***** *************** would ** ********* ** ************* *****, due ** ***** **********, *** **** could ** ******** ****** *** **** complex *******.

Report ***********

****** *** **** ****** ********* ******** analysis ** ******** *** *** ******* tested, ******** *** **** ** ***** product ***** *** ** ***** *******. The **** ********* ***** ******** **** on ******** **** *** ******** ******.

****, **** **** ***** ******** ** firmware *** *** ********* (****** ******* was *.*.* ***** ****** ** *** time ** *******). *************** *** **** in **** *** *** ***** ******** as **** *** ********.

Dahua ******** ******** *** ********

***** ** ********* ** **** *** report *** ** ******* *** **** report, *** *** **** *** *** perform ******** ************* ******** ** **** did **** *********. *******, ***** ******* focused ** "***** ****" *******,**** *****, *** *** ******* ********. **** did *** **** *** ******** "****** cyber ******** ***************" ** ***** *****, but ***** **** *** ****** ****** up ******** *** ************ **** ******* to ******* ** * ********* *********, including *****.

Axis ********: ** ***** ***************

** ******** ** *********, **** **** checked **** ******** *** *************** ** current ********. **** ***** **** ***** factory ******** (*.*.* ** ***** *****) had ** ***** ***************, ****** **** to ****, *** ****** ******* ** firmware ** *** **** ** ***** research *** ** ***** *************** (*.*.*).

No ******** **** *********

********* ************ ******* ** *** ******* for ******* ** *** ***** *** vulnerabilities *** *** *** ******* **** any *********.

******, * *** ***** **** ********* Hikvision *********:

********* ***** ************* **** ********* *** is ****** **** ** ************* ******** on *** ********. ********* ** ***** of *** **** ****** *** ** currently ********** ************* *** ******** ** the ******. *** ****** ********* *****-***** software ***************. *******, **** **** ********* static ******** *** *** ****** **** not ******** ** *** ** ***** vulnerabilities *** *********** *** **** ********* product.

Update: ********* ********* (***** *, ****)

********* *** ******* ** **** **** this *********, ****** ** ****:

Statement ** *** ********* ******** ***** ** *** ********* ******* ******** ** *** ********** ******** ***** ******** ****** (****)

** ******* ****, *** ********** ***** Security ****** (****) ******** * ****** security ********** ****** ********** *** ******** of *** ***** ******** ********** **** performed ** **** ***** ************ ******* supplied ** ******* ************* ** *** local ******. ******* *** ******** ********* analysis **** (***), *** ********* ******* DS-2CD4C26FWD-AP *** **-*********-** **** ******** ** the ***** **** *** ********** **** the ******** **** ** *** ********* was ********** *** *** *********** *** vulnerabilities.

********* ********* * ******** ************* ********* the ******’* ******** *** ***** **** to ******* *** ********* ******** *** conclusions:

  1. *** ***** ********* ************* ******** ****** used ** *** ****** ** ***** on *** **** *** ******* ****** of **** ****** ******** ** ******** known ***************, ***** *** **** ** false ********* ** ******** *******;
  2. *** **** ******* ** *** *************** of **** **** ****** ********** ********* in *** ****** ** *** ******** into *** ********, ** *** **** related ** *** *************** ** **** open ****** ********** ********* ** ******** in *** ********, *** ** **** case, *** ************* ********** ******* *** not ****;
  3. ***** **** *************** *** ********** ** open ****** ********, ****** **** ******* will ***** ** ******** ** *** the ***************. *******, ** ***** ** fix *** *************** ** **** ** possible, ****** ******* ***** *********** *** source **** ** *** ******* *************** to ***** *** *******, *** *** open ****** ******** ******* ****** **** in *** ******* ******** ** ***** the ******** ****** ** *** *** version.

*** *** ***** *******, ********* *** conducted ****** ******** ************ ** *** open ****** ********** *************** ****** ** the ******. ******* ******* *** ***** methods ** ********** *** ********* *****, Hikvision ******* **** ***** *************** **** not ****** *** ******** ** *** device.

********* ***** ******* ******** **** *********. We ******** * ***** ****** ** third-party *** **** ****** ******** ****** the ***** *** ***** **** ** our ********. ****** *** ******* ** use *** **********, ** **** *********** the ****** ********** ************** *** ************** procedures **** *** ** ********** **** industry **** *********, ** ****** **** all ******** *****-***** ******** ***** *** security ************ *** *** ** *********** and ******** *******.

*** *** ******** ******** ** ********* on *****-***** *** **** ****** ******** security **********, ****** ***** ** *** fifth **** ** *** ********* ************* White ***** (*****://***.*********.***/**/*******/*************/*************-*****-*****/*********-*************-*****-*********/).

Bad *** *********

***** *********'***** **** ***** ******, ***************** ***************,***** ***************,*** *********, **** ****** ** ****** ** raise ******** ***** *********'* *************. *******, while **** **** ********* *************** **** disclosed ** ******* ***********, **** ******'* publication ** * ********** ****** ** likely ** ***** **** **** ******.

Comments (40)
Avatar
Ross Vander Klok
Feb 15, 2021
IPVMU Certified

** ******* ** *********, ************? ** ***** *********** ** **** type ** *******?

(2)
(1)
(3)
JH
John Honovich
Feb 15, 2021
IPVM

** ***** *********** ******* *** *******? Good ** ********* ** *** ********** that ***** ** *********** **** ****** and ****** ****** *** ******.

(17)
Avatar
Ross Vander Klok
Feb 15, 2021
IPVMU Certified

********** **** ** ********* *** ********* the *******. **** ****'* **** * was ******* **. *** **** *********? If ***** *********** *** ***** ******* like **** (* ********* **** **** are) *** *** ******* *** *******? What ** *** ******** ** ******* it ***? ********** ** **** *** already ***** ******** ** ******?

(6)
BP
Ben Patience
Feb 16, 2021

***** *** ******...

** **** **** ***************... *** ** aren't ******* *** **** ** ****...*** we ****'* ******* ****** **** ** are ***** ** **** *****...

**** ****** ** **** **********...

(4)
(1)
Avatar
Ross Vander Klok
Feb 16, 2021
IPVMU Certified

**** ****! * ****** **** ******* of **** *** *********** * **** read**** *********

**** ****** ****, *** ** ********: The **** ****: *** ***** ********* a *.*. **** ********

UI
Undisclosed Integrator #5
Feb 16, 2021

** **** ***** ***** ** **** didn’t ** **** **** ** ******* before ******. *** **** ********** ******’* buy ******* ******* **** *** *************** if **** **** ***** **.

**** * *** ** *********** ***’* even ***** ******* ****** ** *** tendering ******* **…

***** **** **** ******* **** ***** and ******* “**** **!”

bm
bashis mcw
Feb 16, 2021

***** ******* *** ****** *** ****** the ***'*, **'* **** ******* *** in ************* ***, ** ** *****, just **** ** ******** **** ******* for ******** ** ****** ********* / code ** ***** *****. (*** ********* no **** ** ***, **'* *** public)

*** **********'* ***** ** ******* **** list **** *****, *** **** **** most ******* ** **** ******** ********.

*** ******* (***, *****, ***..) *******, I *****, *** **** **** ******* all ****** **** *** *** ****, and ***'* ** ** **** **** to ****** ** ****** ******** */* breaking ******.

*** ***** ********, ***** ******** **** nice ****** **********, ***** *'** ****** them ******* ** ******* '***********' ***** be ****.

*** '****' ****** ***** ****** *** buy **** ***** (*'* *** **** ,).

(2)
UI
Undisclosed Integrator #7
Feb 18, 2021

** **** **** ** ******* **** we *** ******* **** *** ‘** Chinese **** *******’. ************ (**** ***** these ****) ** *** ‘** *******, hardware ** ******** **** *** *************’

*** *** ***** **** ******** *** with **** ******!

**** *** ‘** *****’ ********** **** is *** ** *** ******** ******** hard ***** **** ***** *** *************** they ***** ** ***** **** ******!

(2)
bm
bashis mcw
Feb 19, 2021

***, **** *** *** *** *** origin *****, ***** **** ** ******* outside ** .** *** *** **** (including *****).

** ** **** ********* (****** ******* me ** * ** *****, *** be ****** ***), *** **** ****** I **** ** ****, *** ** not *** ******* (.**/.**/***.) ***'*.

***** ** **** ***** *** ** while '**********' *** *********, ***** ***** is **** *********** *** ** ********* not **********, ** **** ******* ******* compile *** **** *** *** ****, while **** ** *** (******** **** comparable ** **** ***** ***********)

**, * ** *** **** *** employe ** ****, *** ****** ** promote ***** ********, *** * ****** deny **** * ** ******** * bit ********* ***** *** ********* ** Axis ********, *** **** *** ******** measures **** **** *********** ***** ** full ********** ** *** ****** ****** back ** ****.

** *.**$

(1)
(2)
JH
John Honovich
Feb 19, 2021
IPVM

*** **** ****** * **** ** Axis, *** ** *** *** ******* (.cn/.tw/etc.) ***'*.

****, ********, *********** ********* ***** ** ******* *** Avigilon, *****, ** *** ****

*** *** *** *** ** **** Avigilon ******* ** *** **** ***** they *** ********* *** **** ** the ********. ** *** **** **** access ** ***, **** *** ** know :)

bm
bashis mcw
Feb 19, 2021

***********, *** :)

UI
Undisclosed Integrator #8
Feb 19, 2021

**** * ******** *** ***

** ** ******** ** ********** **** out *** *** **

*** ******* *****

**** ******

******

UE
Undisclosed End User #9
Jul 25, 2021

* ******** **** **** * ***. Might **** **** ******* ** *** FCC **** ****'* **** *******. ** the **** ****** ** ***'* ****** what ** *** ****** ** ******* it ***** ***'* **** ** *** license ** ** ******* **. ***** make ** *********** ********** *** * don't *** * ****** ** ********* the ******* **** ** ** ********** TVN71s ** ******.

UI
Undisclosed Integrator #4
Mar 13, 2021

"***, **** *** *** *** *** origin *****, ***** **** ** ******* outside ** .** *** *** **** (including *****)." - ***** ** ***** my *** *** ********, ***** **** it "** *** ***'* ****, ** don't **** ******"

UI
Undisclosed Integrator #4
Mar 13, 2021

***** *** **** ***********?

Avatar
Saul Martinenas
Feb 18, 2021
Midpoint Systems - CredoID • IPVMU Certified

** *** ** ********* ******* *** country ** *****, *** ****** ** seems **** ********* ** ****** ** creating ** ** *** ****, ***** may **** ***** **** *********. **** see ***** **** ********:**** ****** ******

****, **** ** *********'* ***** ************ are **** ***** *** ***** ******* hardware *** ******* ********, ***** *** country ** *********** ****** ** * fintech, ****** *** ******* ***. ** there *** **** **** **** ******** to *** *** ******** ** ***** before ********* ******* ***. ***** **********, I'm ***** ** ***** ************** *** happening *** *********, ** ********** *** market **** *** *** ********.

(1)
(2)
UM
Undisclosed Manufacturer #1
Feb 15, 2021

********** *** *** **** ************** ******** a **** *** *** *** *** disclose *** *******. ** ***** * was ***** ** ***** ******** *** the ****** ****** ** ***** ***.

(7)
bm
bashis mcw
Feb 16, 2021

****** *****, ***** *** ***** *** to ** ** *** =)

UM
Undisclosed Manufacturer #1
Feb 19, 2021

*** ** * **** ** *********** with ** ***** ******* ****?

*** *** *** ****** *** *** 2+2 **** **** *** ******** ********* from ***** *****-****** (********* ******** *********): *****************, ********* *** ********** ********************* (FLO) *** ************ (***** *** ********* *** *************) **** ******** ***** *******, *** have ****** **** **** **** *** registered ******** **** *********. ** ********** have **** *********** **** *********.

(1)
AM
Andrew Myers
Feb 15, 2021

****, **** ***'* ************ ******** ******* (no ******* ** *********). ** **** did **** * ***** **** ***, it ******** **** ****** ** ***** the ****** **** ** ******** *** list ** ****. ***** *** **** tools **** ******* **** ******* ***** use ** **** ** **** *** same *******. ******'* ** ********** ** some ********** ** *********** **** ***** the **** ****** *****.

*** *************** **** *** *** ***** be ********** ** *** *** **** that ****'* ******* ****** ** * CVE ******** *********.

(2)
(2)
UI
Undisclosed Integrator #4
Mar 13, 2021

*** **** *** *** *** *** NSA

UE
Undisclosed End User #2
Feb 15, 2021

*** **** ******** **** * ******* past ** **** ****** ****** **** are **** ** ** ********* ** occasion ** *** ****** ********.

***** *** *********** ***'* ***** ****** chain ********, ***** ** *** **** to ** **** * ***** ***** and **** *******.

** *** ***** ****** **** *** put **** **** **?

UI
Undisclosed Integrator #4
Feb 16, 2021

** ******* ** ********* ***** ********, either **** *** ***** ** ******** test ** ***'* ******** *** ********. We *** **** ** ***....

UI
Undisclosed Integrator #4
Feb 16, 2021

**** *** "******"; *** ** ********** irresponsible *** **.

Avatar
Charles Rollet
Feb 22, 2021

**** ** *** ******** *******, *** the ******************** ***** ****** *** ******* *** *** ******* *******,****** “*** ********* *** ** ******* cyber ************ ** ********** **********" ** particular.

UI
Undisclosed Integrator #4
Mar 13, 2021

* ***** ** ** ***...

Avatar
Christopher Freeman
Feb 15, 2021

*** ****** ** ****** **** , and **** ** ** *** ***** threat , **** ** ** ***** turn

**** *** *** **** ***** **** is **** *** ****

****** ** ***** *** ****** ***** to **** *** ******** ** *********

**** **** ****

(1)
AM
Andrew Myers
Feb 15, 2021

**** *** *** **** ***** **** is **** *** ****

** *******. *** *** ***** ** a ****** ***** ** ***************. *** can ***** *** ******* ** * VLAN **** * ********, *** **** about *** *** ****? *** *******, printers *** ***** *********** *********, *** almost ****** ***** ***** ******** *******, and ******** **** **** ****** ** the ******* (******* ****** **** ** print).... ** *** ******** *** *** of *** ****** **** *** ******* to *** **. **** *** *** your ***** ****...

(4)
(1)
UM
Undisclosed Manufacturer #3
Feb 15, 2021

** *** **** ***** **** **** securing ***** ********, ********, *** ******* about *****. ***** ***** ****** **** or ** ******* **** *** ****. Very ***** *** ***** ********* ** the *****.

**** ***** ******** **** **** **** with ****** ** ******* ***** **** using ***** ****** ****** ** **** have * *****...

** ********* ******** **** ****** ******** starring ********* ******

(3)
BP
Ben Patience
Feb 15, 2021

**** ***.* ** *** **** ** these ******* ****** ** ** ***** out ** ****

***** ** *********** ** **** **** scanning ***** *** ***** **** **** to ******** ***** *** *******.

**** ** **** **** **** ********** scans ** **** *******, **** ************* modules ** **** **** ** * few ****** ***** . **** ******* doesn’t ********* **** ** ******** ** the ******* ****’* **** ******** ** the **** ******* ** ****’* ‘****’ vulnerabilities

(1)
UI
Undisclosed Integrator #4
Feb 16, 2021

**** *** **** ***** **** ***** skillsets, ** ****; * ***** ** all *** **** ** ** ************ money ***** ******* ****. $*** *** person(minimum) ** **,***+ ******* (~$******* ********). Maybe **** ******* ** **** ** that **** ** *******?

(2)
UI
Undisclosed Integrator #4
Feb 22, 2021

********........

JH
John Honovich
Feb 16, 2021
IPVM

******: ********* ********:

********* ***** ************* **** ********* *** is ****** **** ** ************* ******** on *** ********. ********* ** ***** of *** **** ****** *** ** currently ********** ************* *** ******** ** the ******. *** ****** ********* *****-***** software ***************. *******, **** **** ********* static ******** *** *** ****** **** not ******** ** *** ** ***** vulnerabilities *** *********** *** **** ********* product.

(1)
AM
Andrew Myers
Feb 16, 2021

"** **** ************* **** *********" ****** makes ** *******... ** ************ *** ***** ********.

**** **** ********* ****** ******** *** the ****** **** *** ******** ** any ** ***** *************** *** ***********

**** ** * ***** *****. * would **** ********* ** ** ****** exploitation *** **** *********. *** ***** with ************* ******** (***** * ****** is **** **** ****) ** **** you *** * **** ****** ** false *********. *** ****** **** ** know *** ********* *** ***** ****.

**** **** ** **** ** ****** what **** *** ******. ************* ******** isn't ***** ****. *** ***** *** version ** *** *** *********, **** that **** * *** ********, *** a **** ** *******, *** ***'** done. *** **** *****'* **** **** are *** ***********. ******* ******* ** they're ***********, *** ****** ***'* ************ useful.

*** ** ******* ********* ******* ** ******** ***** ********:

*** ****** ***** **** * ************* report **** * ******* ** * company. **% ** *** **** ***** are ******* ** **********, *** *** likely ** ** ******* ** *** competent ******** ****. *** ****** ** because ******** *** **** *** ****** of ***** *********, ** * ******** from * ************* ******* **** *** actually **** ***** ** * *************. However, ** ** ****** *** *** bug ****** ******* ** ****** **** vulnerability ******* **** ******** *** ** companies ******* *** ************* ** **** the ****** ****, ** ** ** correct, ** ** ** ** **** applicable. ** * ****** ******** ***** will ***** **** ****** * ****** that **** ******** *** ** * scanner. **** *** ****** ******** ************ state ****.

**** ********* **** *** ************* ******* ** **** ****:

*'* *** ** *** ******** **** members *** ******** ****** ******* **** this. * ***** **** **% ** the **** **'* * ***** ******** sent ** ** ******* *** ********** who *** ** **** **** *** finding *****. **** ****, **% ** the ****, **'* * **** ** don't *** *** **'* ******. ****, 100% ** *** **** ** ***** us ***** *** ** ****** ** people ******** *** ****. ** ** sometimes **** "***********" **** ******* ****** for ** ******* ** **** *** customers *** **** ******* **** **** run * ****.

*** *** **** ******** ** *********? Maybe. *** **** **** ** ** tested ** ** ****.

***, *** *** **** ***** *** Hikvision *** ****** ** *** **** while **** ****'* **** *** *******. It ** ******** ****** ** **** libraries *******. **** **** **** **** Axis **** ****** ** **** ******? It's * **** ****, *** **** in ****** **** *** **** ** more ******. **'* **** * ******, like *** ******** * *** **** my ******** *******. * **** **** and *** *** ********* *** ****, so *'* *** ******** **** ******** 1 *** ******** * **** *** same ******** ******* **'* ******** ********* to *** **** ****** *******. ****'* a ***** ********. *** ** *** same ****, ** ***** **** *'* not ******* ** ******** ******* **** organized. ********, ***** **** ** ****** attention ** **** ****** *** ********* isn't, * *** *** **** **** is ******** **** ******** **** ******* to ***** ********.

(2)
bm
bashis mcw
Feb 16, 2021

***** ** ** ****** **** ***, the ********* ***** ***** "***** ****" is **** ****** ***** *** *****, used *** "**** *****" (****** ** turned ***).

(2)
(1)
U
Undisclosed #6
Feb 16, 2021
IPVMU Certified

**** ** *********, ****** ******** ****** not ** ********** ********** ** *** one ****** *****.

******.****

(1)
HL
Horace Lasell
Feb 17, 2021

***** ***, * ****'* **** *********** on ***** *************** *********. **** ********* me ** *** ** ** ****** to ***** *** ******** ****** ** similar ******* ** ** ******* **** are ******** **** *** ******** ***.

****** *****!

UM
Undisclosed Manufacturer #1
Feb 19, 2021

*** ****** ******* ****** ******* *******, but *** ****** ** **** ******.

*.*. *** ****** ** ** ********* and ***** * *******. *** ****** explains ****'* ****** *******.

***** ******* ******* ********* ********, *** resultatet **** ***** ******** - ****.**

Avatar
Ethan Ace
Mar 04, 2021

******, ********* *** ********* **** *** following *********:

Statement ** *** ********* ******** ***** ** *** ********* ******* ******** ** *** ********** ******** ***** ******** ****** (****)

** ******* ****, *** ********** ***** Security ****** (****) ******** * ****** security ********** ****** ********** *** ******** of *** ***** ******** ********** **** performed ** **** ***** ************ ******* supplied ** ******* ************* ** *** local ******. ******* *** ******** ********* analysis **** (***), *** ********* ******* DS-2CD4C26FWD-AP *** **-*********-** **** ******** ** the ***** **** *** ********** **** the ******** **** ** *** ********* was ********** *** *** *********** *** vulnerabilities.

********* ********* * ******** ************* ********* the ******’* ******** *** ***** **** to ******* *** ********* ******** *** conclusions:

  1. *** ***** ********* ************* ******** ****** used ** *** ****** ** ***** on *** **** *** ******* ****** of **** ****** ******** ** ******** known ***************, ***** *** **** ** false ********* ** ******** *******;
  2. *** **** ******* ** *** *************** of **** **** ****** ********** ********* in *** ****** ** *** ******** into *** ********, ** *** **** related ** *** *************** ** **** open ****** ********** ********* ** ******** in *** ********, *** ** **** case, *** ************* ********** ******* *** not ****;
  3. ***** **** *************** *** ********** ** open ****** ********, ****** **** ******* will ***** ** ******** ** *** the ***************. *******, ** ***** ** fix *** *************** ** **** ** possible, ****** ******* ***** *********** *** source **** ** *** ******* *************** to ***** *** *******, *** *** open ****** ******** ******* ****** **** in *** ******* ******** ** ***** the ******** ****** ** *** *** version.

*** *** ***** *******, ********* *** conducted ****** ******** ************ ** *** open ****** ********** *************** ****** ** the ******. ******* ******* *** ***** methods ** ********** *** ********* *****, Hikvision ******* **** ***** *************** **** not ****** *** ******** ** *** device.

********* ***** ******* ******** **** *********. We ******** * ***** ****** ** third-party *** **** ****** ******** ****** the ***** *** ***** **** ** our ********. ****** *** ******* ** use *** **********, ** **** *********** the ****** ********** ************** *** ************** procedures **** *** ** ********** **** industry **** *********, ** ****** **** all ******** *****-***** ******** ***** *** security ************ *** *** ** *********** and ******** *******.

*** *** ******** ******** ** ********* on *****-***** *** **** ****** ******** security **********, ****** ***** ** *** fifth **** ** *** ********* ************* White ***** (********* ************* ***** ***** **** | Cybersecurity ***** ***** | *********).

(1)
HL
Horace Lasell
Mar 13, 2021

******* ** ******