H.265 / HEVC Codec Tutorial
H.265 support has improved significantly since its introduction several years ago, with most cameras now supporting the codec. However, there are still challenges impacting H.265's competitiveness and compatibility, which have kept it from replacing H.264 in the mainstream.
In this report, IPVM examines these issues, including:
- H.264 vs H.265 Technical Comparisons
- Impacts On Quality
- Barriers in Moving to H.265
- Camera/VMS Compatibility Improvements
- VMS Support Reviewed
- ONVIF Conformance Delays
- H.265 vs Smart H.264
- H.265 Smart Codecs
- H.265 IPVM Test Results
- H.265 CPU Load Impact
- Patent Licensing Issues
- Usage Recommendations
Overall, the key marketing claims for HEVC/H.265 is reducing bit rate requirements in half to deliver the same quality. For instance, if a 1080p / 30fps H.264 camera required 4Mb/s, the equivalent H.265 camera would be expected to require only 2Mb/s. But that is now, clearly not enough, as we will explain inside.
*** **********, *** ************* **** ****/*.*** **********. *** *** **** *******, *** the******* **** ***** ******** ********(***+ *****).
Technical **********
***** **** ********** ************ ***** *.***'* projected *********** *****:
- **** ****** **** ******* ** ***********: While *.***'* ******* ***** **** ** 256 ****** (** ***), *.***'* **** be *** ******* ** **** (** x **). ********** *** *** ****** size ******* **** ********* ********, ********** for ****** ********** ******. **** * good ********* **** **** ***** *******. *** ***** ***** ***** ****:
- ******** ******** ** *.*** **** ***** different ***** ** *** ***** ** be ********* **************. **** *** ***** up ******** *** **** ********* ** the ************ ****** *****-**** **** *********. H.264 *** *** ******* ****.
- "***** ****** ******" ****** *** **** added ** *.*** **** "******* ******** without ******* ** ****** *** ******** that ******** ******* ** *** *********, supporting ** ********* ******** ****** ***** known ** '**** ***' *********" (******* * ** **** ********). **** ***** ** * ********* benefit *** ************ ** *** **** to ******** ******** ***** *** ****** frequent * ****** **** *** ******** increase *** ****.
*** ***** ******* **** *.*** *****, just **** *.***, ** ******** ********. While ** ****** ** ******* (**** as *.***), *.*** ** ******** ** bring ******** ***** ** ************. *** benefits ******* ********* ** *** ********* clients *** ****** ******* *******.
Camera ******* *** ****** *********
**** *** **** *** *****, ****** all ************* **** ******** *.*** ********* support, **** **** *** ******* ******** both *.*** *** *.***. ** ** now **** **** **** ******* ** not ******* *.*** **** ******* **.
*.*** ******* *** ** ***** *** the ***** *** ***** ***** *** introduction, ** ************* ****** **** ** implement ******** *** *** ********** ****** time ** *** ******* *** *** codec.
VMS/Camera ************* ********
*********, *** ******* *** *.*** ** also *** **********, **** **** ***** adding ******* **** *** **** *** years. *** *******, ***** ***** ** Exacq, *.*** ******* *** ****** ***** to ***** **** *.*** ******, **** no ***** ****** ***** ********.
**** * *** ***** ***, **** was *** *** ****, **** **** VMSes ********** **** ******* ****** ** requiring ********** ***** ***** ** ****** configuration ** *** ****** ***** *** web ********* ** *** *.*** *******.
VMS ******* *********
** *** *** ****, *.*** ******* has ********* ** ********, **** ********, Axxon, *********, *** ****** *** ***** Profile * ********** (********* *****). ****** include ******* *** ** ***** **** H.265 *******, **** ****** ****** ******* for **** ******. ** ** ****:
- ******** ******* ******: ******** *** ****** *** ***** Profile *.
- ***** ****: **** ************* *** ****** *******, including ****, *****, *****, ******, *********, Panasonic, *******, *******, ******* ****, ** well ** ***** ******* *.
- ***********: **** *************, ********* ****, *****, Dahua, ******, *********, ********, *********, *******, Uniview, ******* ****, *** ******. *** officially ******* * **********.
- ******* ******** ******: **** *************, ********* ********, ****, Bosch, ****, ******, *********, ***, *******, Vivotek, ** **** ** ***** ******* T.
- ********* ********: ********, ****, *****, *****, *********, Hanwha, *********, ********, *********, *********, ***, Uniview, ******* *** ******, ** **** as ***** ******* *.
- ******* ***** *********: ****, *****, *****, *********, ******, Hikvision, *****, *********, *********, ***, *******, Vivotek *** ****. ******** ******* * on *** **** ** ********* *******, but ** *** ********** **********.
H.265 ***** *********** *** ******* *
*** ** *** ***** ******* * is **********, * *** ******* *** required ** ******* *.***, ***** ******* T, ******** ** ** ****. ***** to **** *******, ***** ***** *** guarantee ***** ************* **** ***** *.***, even ** **** *** ****** *** VMS **** ******* * **********. *** our ********* *** **** ***** **** ******* H.265*** **** *******.
******* ******/*** ********* **** ******** ******* for *.*** *** ***** (*** ******* conformance **********). *** *******, ******* ***** listed ******* *** *.*** ***** ******* in ***** ********* ****** ****, *** are ***** *** ****** ** ******* T **********.
*******, **** *** ******* ** ******* T, *.*** ** *** ********* ** a *****-**-*** ***** ****** ** ********** devices, ******* **** ******* **** ******* it *** *** ** *** *** if *********, *** ***** **** ** able ** ******** ****** *** ******* this ******. **** **** ****** ** place, ******* * *.*** ******************** *********** ** ******* * *.*** cameras. *** *** *********** ******* * *********** **** *******.
Smart *.*** ** *.***
*.*** ** *** *** **** *********-******** technology ***** ******* *** ***** ************ systems.***** ******, ********** ******* ***** ***, ******* significant ********* ********** ******** ** ******** H.264, *** ******** *** ********** ** move ** *.***.
*.*** ***** ****** **** * *** benefits **. *.***:
- ********* **********/***** **** *.***, *********** *** need *** *** *** ******* *** CPU **** *********
- ******* * ***** ******** **** ***** H.264 *** ************* ****** ********* ***********, a ******* **** "*******" *.*** *****.
** ********** ** **** ***** ***** *********, *** ********* ******* ***** **** far ******* **** **** *** ********** marketing ****** ** '***-*****' *.***.
H.265 ********* **** ***** ******
**** ***** ****, "*******" *.*** ******* are ************ ****, **** ************* ******* implementing *.*** ***** **** ***** ******, such *********** *.***+,****** *.*** **** **********,******* *.***/***** ****** **, ***. **** *********** ****** ****** improvements, *** ** ******* ** ********** with *.*** ***** ****** ** ** off. *******, *** *** ******** ****** bitrates, **** ** ****** ** ** the *********** **** ****** *******, ********** as *.***'* ******* ********** *****.
H.265 **** *******
** ***** *****, *.*** ******* *** not ******* ******** ********* ************/******* **** typical *.*** ******* (****.*** ** ******* ** *.*** **** Results), **** *.*** ***** ****** ********* better ******* **** "*******" *.***.
*******, ** **** ****** *****, **** as******'* ******* * *******(*********** ******'* ****** ********** ** *.*** cameras), ***** *.*** ******** **** ******* lower **** ***** *.***, **** ** the **** ****** *** ****** ***********.
*.*** *** ******* ** ** ******* and ********** *********** ** ***** ****** available, ******* ** *.*** ************ **** time.
CPU **** ******
** *** *****, ******* *.*** *** notably **** ********* *********, ******** ********* double *** *** **** ** *.*** streams. ******* ** ****, ***** ****** be*********** ** ******** ****** **** ** client ********, ***** ***** *** **** equipment ** ******* ******* ***** *.*** may ** ************.
*** *******, **** ************ *.***+ **** ******, *.*** ******* **** **** **** double *** *** **** ** *.***, both *** *** *****.
*********** **** *****, ***** ********/*** ******** has ****** **** ****** ** *** past ******* *****, **** **** ** not ******* *.*** ******** ********. ******* of ****, ***** **** *** ** reduced **** ********** ** *** *** when ***** *.***, ***** ******** **** no ****** ** *.*** ****, ***** below:
H.265 ****** ********* ******
*.*** *** ********** * *** ************ for *************: ****** *********. ****** *.***, which *** **** * ****** ****** holder (******), *.*** ** ******* ** 1,000+ ******* **** ** ******** ****** (MPEGLA, **** *******, *****, *** ****). Because ** ****, ***** ** ********* among ************* ***** ***** ***** ** patents **** ****** ******* *** ***** products.
** * ******, * ****** ** camera *************/*** ********** **** *** ******** their ******** ** *** (*****). ***** issues *** ******* ** **** ****** in **************** ******** ********** *.*** ******** ******.
Usage ***************
***** ** *** *** ***** *******, we *********:
- ******** *.*** **** ***** ******, *** avoid *.*** ******* ***** ******, ***** without ***** ******, *.*** ******** **** bandwidth **** ***** *.***. ****, *.*** has ******* ****** ** ***** *** support *** ****** ******* *** **** not ******* ** *.***.
- ****** **** ***** *.*** ******* *** consider **** **** **** **** *** / *** ** ******. ****** ********, many ************ **** ***** *** **** today *** ***** ****** * ***** problem.
- ****** **** *** **** ********** ********** power **** ** *** ********* ****** (if *.*., *** ******** ** ***** server ***** ****** ********* ** ***** display) *** ** *** ****** **** to ****** **** *** ****** *** sufficient ********* ** ****** *** ******* H.265 ******* ****** ****** ** ***** quality.
****: **** ******** *** ********** ******* in **** *** ******* ** ******* advances/changes ** *.*** ******* *** ***********.
*** ***** *** ***** ********* **** support *.***?
* ** *** **** ** ***. As *** *********, *** ****** ** the **** ** ******* *******.
**** ******-** ********* ********* *******.
******* *** ********** ** *.*** ** the **** ** ****** *** ******** software ************* **** *** **** ********** stream ***** ** ********** *** ****** via *.*** ** *** ******.
****** ** ********* ********* **** **** report:
*. ** *** *** **** ***** mark ** ***-** ******** ** ***** ? ** **** *** ******** ? i7 ** **** ?
*. **** ***** *** *** *** to ******* *** ***********? ** *** have *** *** **** ******* ** Linux **** **** ***** *** *** very ******** ***** *** ******** ************
*. **** ** *** ****** ********* in ***** *.***/*** **** **** ? what *** *** ***** ************* ** the *** ****** *** ******** **** benchmark
*******: *** **** ** ******* **** detail ******** (********/********/********) ** *** **** platforms *** **** ************, ** ******** to *** **** ******* (**** ****** and ***** **** *** *********** *** decode) ** **** * ***** **** report
**, ****** *** *** *********:
*. *** **** *** ******* ** Windows, ***** **** ** ** *** the **** ****** ** **** ** the ******** (*** *********). *** ************ above **** **** * ******** **** and **** *** * **** **, which ** ****** ******* *** *** machines.
*. ** **** *******. ** ********* used * *********** ** ******** *******, third-party ************ **** **** ******** *******, and **** ********** *** ****. ** used ******** ** ***** ******** ** each.
*. ** ****'* ******** *** ***** documentation. ** ****'* ****** *** ***** settings **** *******, ** **** ******* the ******** ** ***.
** *** ******** ** ** **** updated ******* ** **** ** *** near ****** ** *.*** ******** ************ has ******** ************* ***** ** **** did ******** ******* *** **'** ******** more ** *** ********** ***'** ********** as ** **** ******* **** **.
"*** ***** ******* **** *.*** *****, just **** *.***, ** ******** ********"
***'* *.*** *** *** *.*** **** use ******** ********?
*** ***** *** ***** ********* **** support *.***?
***** **** *.*** ***** *** ************* *** ******* *******, ** ***** **** ********** *** to ** ********** ** *.*** *** playback, *********** ****** ** *********.