Lens Focal Length Tutorial

Published Jul 10, 2019 15:44 PM

Camera specifications often list focal lengths, e.g., 3mm, 6mm, 2.8 - 9mm, 5 - 50mm, but what do these specs really mean?

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These metrics are important in determining the correct camera coverage and Field of View (FoV). In this tutorial, we look at:

  • What lens focal length impacts
  • The relationship of imager size
  • Common lens length ranges and their uses
  • Limitations of using focal lens length
  • Manufacturer variances between focal length and AoV
  • Fixed vs. varifocal lenses
  • Fixed focal length options
  • Focal length impact on camera size
  • Lens limitations (low light performance and detail loss)
  • Picking the right lens length

Focal **** ****** ** *** / ***

***** **** ****** ** *** ******** distance ******* *** **** *** *** sensor / ******. ** ** ********* in ************ ******* ** ** *** primary ****** ** *** *** ******* / ***** ** **** (***) ** a *****. ***:***** ** **** (***) ********.

Lens ****** ******

*** ****** *** ****, *** ******** the ***** ** **** / **** captured; *** ******* *** ****, *** wider. **** ** * ******** ********* deriving **** *** ******** ******* *** lens *** *** ******, ** *** image ***** *****:

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*** ****** *** **** **, *** farther ** ** **** **** *** imager, ********* ** * ******** ***.

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********, ** *** **** ** *****, it **** ** ***** ** *** imager *** ******* * ***** ****, like **:

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Impact ** ****** ****

****** *** ***** **** ****** ** the ******* ****** ** *** ** surveillance, *** **** ** ****** **** (i.e., */*”,*/*”,*/*”, ***.) **** ******* ****. Everything **** *****, *** ****** *** imager, *** ***** *** ***** ** view **** ** ** *** **** focal ******.

**** ******* **** **** ****** **** seems **** *****, **** ** */*.*" vs. */*.*" **. */*", *** **** common ******* ** *** ** ****. This ***** ********** ** ****** **** can ****** ** ******* ******* ********** in ***** ** ****, ******* ** wider ** ******** ***** ** **** than ********. ** **** *********, **** may ****** ** ******* **** ** more, ***** ** ***** ****** ** may **** ** ********* **********.

*** *******, *** ***** ***** ***** the *********** ** *********** ***** ** view ******* */*" *** */*.*" ******* using ******* **** *******:

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** ***** ***** *******, *********** *** most **********,**** *** */*.*" ****** ********* a ******* ***** ***** ** **** than */*", ***** ***** ****** ** lower **** ******** *******.

*** ***** ************ ** **** *** using*** **** **********.

Common **** ****** ******

** ********, ************ ******* ********* **** in *** ** * **** ****** ranges:

  • ******* / ***** ***:******** ***** **** ***** ***** *** comes **** **********, **** *** **** 'fisheye'. ***** ****** ********* ******* ********* software ** ******* * **** / corrected *****. ***** ** *** ******* panoramic ******, ************** *********** ******. *** our ***** ** ********* ********* / 360 ******* *******.
  • '******' / *.*** – ****:*** ***** ****** ** **** ******* fall ** **** ***** (******* ** to *** ******* ***).
  • ********* / **** – ****:***** **** ******* ** ** **** with ****** ** **** *****, **** of ******** */** ****** *** ** ********* and ********* ** ******* (********* *** form ******)
  • ***** ********* / *****+:****** ** **** ***** *** ********** ones **** ** *** / ******* objects **** *** **** (********* ***+ plus ***** **** ** ****)

Warning: ************ ***** ****** / *** *********

****** ************* ********* ******* *** / FoV ********* ** ******* * ***** length. *** *******, ************* *** **** 3mm *********** ** **** **** * camera ** **** ***** ** ********* 50mm ** **** * ****** ** telephoto.

*******, ****** ************'* ***** ******* ** not ****** *** ** ** *********** / ************ *** *** , ********** with ******* ***** *******. ********* ** is ******* ** *** **** ** the ****** ** **** ** **** or ******* *** ************ ** *** lens ****** **** *** *********** ************.

********** ** *** *****, *** ******** is ** ****** **** ******* / lenses ***** ** ***, *** ***** length. **** ***** **** **** ********** ********* ** ****** ******, **** verified ****, ** *** **********.

Fixed ***** **. ********* ******

** ************ ***** *** *** *** lens *****, ***** ***** *** *********.

  • ***** *****: ***** ***** ****** *** locked **** *** ***** ******, *.*., 2.8mm, ***, ****, ***. ***** **** advantages *** ********** (***** ** ****** adjustment ** ********) *** **** (********* more *****), ****** **** *** **** flexible **** ********* ****** *** ****** be **** ***** ** *** ******** desired ****** ** ****.
  • *********: ********* ****** ***** ********** ** the ***** ******, ****** ******** ******** using *** ******** ***** ** **** a ********* *********. ********* ****** *** specified ***** ***** ***** ****** *****, such ** *.*-**** ** **-****. ********* models *** **** ********, ** **** can ** ******** ** *** *** field ** **** *******, *** **** are ****** *** **** *********, ********* bigger ********.

*** ******** ** ******* ***** *********** install *** ********* (*** *** **********). *******, **** ******** ******* ** a ***** **********'* ****** ******(*), **** those ******* ** ***** *** ******* using **** ***** ***** ****** *** to ***** (*********) ***** ****.

Multiple ***** ***** ****** *******

************* *** ******* ***** ***** ****** models ***** ***** ******** **** *******. While **** ** *** ** ******** as ***** ********* ****** ***** ***** fine, ** ****** *** ****

*** *******, ******* ** ********** **-**********-*(* *** **** ****** ******), ** is ******* **** * ********* **** options, ******* **** **** ***** ** telephoto (****** **** ** ***** ******):

  • *.***/***° ***
  • ***/**.*° ***
  • ***/**° ***
  • ***/**° ***
  • ****/**° ***

**** ****** ***** ** ****** *** lens ***** **** **** ***** *****, e.g. ***** *** *.*** **** *** wide ******** ** * ***** ***** or ***** *** **** ***** *** tighter ******** ** * ******* *** entrance.

***** *** ***** ************ ****** *** these *******, **** ** *** ***** cost ****** ********* **, **** *******,******'* * ******,********* *****/***********,*******, ***.

Focal ****** ******* ****** ****

****** ***, ***** ***** ****** ****** take ** **** *****, ******** ****** housings ** ** ******* **** ****** varifocal ** ********* ******.

*** *******, *** ***** ***** ***** a ***** ***** ****** *** ****, typical ** ***** **** ********** *********** ** * *** ****** **** lens ********. *** **** ** **** lens ****** ******** *** ******* ** be ******.

*** ********* **** ****** ******** **** ********** ** **** ******.

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Lens ***********

*** ****** *** **** ******, *** more ****** ***** *********** **** *****:

  • ******** ***** *******: **** ******, ********** ********* **** common ** ************, ********** **** ******** image ******* ******** ** **** ***** density / *** ******* ***** ********. If *** *** ******** / ***** **** **** ***********, *** *** need ** ********** **** ***** ***** density. ***:* ***** **** ** **** ****** and **** *****

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  • ******** *** ***** ***********: **** **** ****** (** **** as **** ***** ****) ********* **** significantly **** ***** **** ******* ****** in *** *** ** **** *****. Specifically, ********** **** ***** *****, *** longer *** **** *** ****** *** F ******.****** *** * **** ******** *** details.

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  • ***** ** ***** ******: ************ ******* **** ****** **** depth ** ***** ****** ***** ******* appear *** ** *****. **** ** because **** ******* *** ********** ***** lenses *** **** ******** **** *** more **** * **** **** **** the ******. *******, **** **** **** will ***** ******** **** *** ********** hard ** ******* *** ***** **** imaging ** **** ****-**** ******. ****** our***** ** ***** ********.

Picking *** ***** **** ******

*** ******* *** **** ******, *** more *** ****** *** *******. *************, the ***** *** ******* ****, *** less ******** ** *** ********** ****** captured. **** ** *** ****** ***** are ******* **** **** **** ** a ***+ ******* *******. ***** ** is **** **********, *** ******* "******" be ****** *** ***** *** *** is ** ****, *** *** ******* can **** "*****" **** ** ***** range.

*** **** **** ** ***** ** to **** *** *** ** ***** than *** **** ** ******** – i.e., **** **** *** **** ** capture. *******, **** *** ** ***** as ****** **** ** ******* * lot ** ****** (*.*., * **** the **** ** *** ******* *** plus *** ******* ****** ** *** cars ******** **).

** **** ***** ****, ****** *** Foot (***) / ****** *** ***** are ******* **** ** **** ********* how **** *** *** ** ******* making *** ******* ** *** **** captured ** ***** **** **** **** no *****. ********** *** *** ******* ********** ****. ********** **** *** Design ********** ** ********* *** ******* trade *** ******* *** *** *** for **** ******** ************.

[**** **** **** ******** *** ********** published ** ****, *** *** ******* in **** *** **** **** **** detailed ******** *** ********** *-**** *** iCS **** ***********.]

Comments (14)
U
Undisclosed #1
Jul 11, 2019
IPVMU Certified

***** **** ****** ** ******************* ******* *** **** *** *** sensor / ******. (******** *****).

** ** ********** **’* ***, ******** longer ***** ******* ********* ******** *** physically ******.

****’* * ****** ** ********:

***** ** * ***** ***** ****** 8mm.  ******* **** ****** ** *** back-focus ******** (***** **** *** **** glass ** *** ******), **’* ****** 3x *** ****** ***********.

**** ** * ******** *-**** ****, fully ********.

** ***** ** ****.

*********, **** ** **** * ****** of ****** **** * **** ******* around.  *’* ** ********** ** ****** what ****** ****.

(1)
(3)
U
Undisclosed #1
Jul 27, 2019
IPVMU Certified

**** ***** *** ******* ***** **** as *** ********* ****; ***** ***** length ******* ** * ***** *** (including *** ******/********** *** *******)

****, *** ****** ** *********** ** a ***** “***** ******”, ***** ********** when *********** ***, ** ******** ** correspond ** * ******** ****** *** can ******** ******* **** ******/**** ** hand.

Avatar
Ethan Ace
Jul 29, 2019

** *******, **'* *** ******** ******** between *** ****** *** *** ****' point ** *********** (***** *****). ** in *** **** ** **** *** lenses, *** ***** ****** ** ****** somewhere ** *** ****** ** *** lens. **** ****** *** **** ** of ******* ******** (**** ***** *****) and *** *********** ***** **** ** one ** ***** ********.

** *** **** ** *** **** camera, *'* *** ***% **** **** they're ***** *****. **** ***** ** using ********** *********** ***** ****, ***** ********* *** center ******* ** *** ***** ** increase *** ********* ***** ******. ****'** common ** ***********, ****** **** *** available** ************** ****. ** **** *** **** we *** **** ***.

(1)
U
Undisclosed #1
Jul 29, 2019
IPVMU Certified

** *******, **'* *** ******** ******** between *** ****** *** *** ****' point ** *********** (***** *****).

**** ******* *** *** *********** ***** right ** *** ****** ******, (** i’m ******* ** *********).  * **** the *** *******.

IA
Igor Averchenko
Jul 15, 2019

******* * **** ***** ************ ******* laboratory ** ******* ****** ***** ****** of **** **** ********* ** ******. Actual ***** ****** ** ** **%. What ***** ** ****** **** ***** cheap **** ** **** ? 

**** ***** *** ** ********. 

(2)
U
Undisclosed #2
Jul 15, 2019

* **** ** ** ***, ******* posted * ***** ***** ******* *** to ******** ******* ****** *** ********* the *** (***** ** *****?). *** video ****** * *** ******* * very **** ******** ** * ******* lot ******* *** ****** - ** the ***** ****** ********** *******, *** man *** ***************** ***** ** *** very ***** ** *** ****** *** the ******** ** ****** ****** ****** long.  ** *** ******** ********** ****, the ***** ** *** ******* *** looked ********* *** *** *** ******** to **** ******* **** ****** ** was *** **** ******** *** *** image ** *** ****** *** ******* clear.

** **** ****** ********, *'* **** to *** **** *****/**** *****.  * think *** ****** *** ****** ** was * **********.

(1)
(3)
UM
Undisclosed Manufacturer #3
Jul 15, 2019

**** ** ** ********* ***** ****** primer. 

******** *** ***** ** *** ** many ****** ** *** ****** **** [Tariffs, ***] *** **** ****.

(1)
(1)
MW
Mike Weymer
Feb 07, 2020
IPVMU Certified

**, * **** * ********, **** time, ********** **** *********, ** ********* camera, *** **** ** *** *********? No ********* ****, **** * ****** manual *.*-**** ****.

******: **** ******* *** **** ***** to *** *** **********:**** ****, *** **** ** ********* Camera *** *********?

Avatar
Chuck Vivian
Jul 24, 2020

**** *** ***** ** ******. **** watched *** ***** ***** *** ******* assignment. * *** *** **'* ********* to ** *** ******* *****. ***** the ***** ******** * *** **** understandable.

AS
Amitkumar Sirjusingh
Dec 30, 2020

***** *********** ** *** *** **** types *** ***** ********** ************. *** impact ** *** ****** ** *** lens ** * ****-****** ************* **** selecting ** **** ** ******* *** a ********.

TJ
Tracy Jones
Jan 21, 2021
IPVMU Certified

**** ** *** ******** "***** **** is *** ** ******** ** ***** varifocal ****** ***** ***** ****, ** allows *** ****” ******** ** ***?

** **** ****;

**** ***** ****** ********

******!

JT
Joshua Tucker
Jan 10, 2022
IPVMU Certified

* ******* **** **** ********. **** I **** *** ******** ****** ****** the **** ********.

TJ
Tracy Jones
Feb 28, 2021
IPVMU Certified

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**, *** *** ******* *** ****** calculator ******* (******* ******) ** **** of;

"********** **** *****, *** ****** *** imager, *** ***** *** ***** ** view **** ** ** *** **** focal ******."

U
Undisclosed #1
Feb 28, 2021
IPVMU Certified

*** */*.*” ****** ****** *** ** HD ****** ***** **** ***** *** width ******* **** *** */*.*”, ** the ******* ** *** ****** ** course.

**’* ***** **** ********** **** *** imager *********, *.*. */*.*”, ** * inexact ******** *************, ******* ********: **** ** *** **** In ** ** * */*" ******?