Study Shows Video Surveillance Reduces Crime
A new 2021 academic study on the global expansion of CCTV has found a 10% decrease in crime in areas using video surveillance vs those that do not.
But how trustworthy is that number?
Inside this note, IPVM examines the study published jointly by US/UK-based authors, discussing its finding that video surveillance reduces crime and pointing out limitations due in part to the age and geographic scope of the study data.
*****
***********
*** ****** ** **. ***** *** a ********** ****** *** ****-******** **** worked *** * **** ** *** academic **** *******, ** ***** **** 80 **** **** *** *** ****-********, with *** ********* ** **** ******* failing ** **** *** ***********' ********* criteria ***/** ******* ********** ****.
*** ** **** ******* ******** *** the ****-******** ******** **** **** **** countries *** **** ********* **** * 40-year ****** ******* **** *** ****:
**% ** *** ******* **** **** in *** ***** ** *******, ******* that **** ** ***** ******* **** from ******* ******** ** ***** *** or *******.
**** **** **% ** *** ****-********'* studies ******* **** **** ****** *** UK ** *** **, **** *** remaining **** ******, ***** *****, ******, Spain, *********, ******, *** ******:
********
***** ** ***** ****-******** ** ** studies **** **** ********* ********* ******* 1978 *** ****, *** ******* *****:
*** ********** ******** ************ ****CCTV ************ ** associated **** *********** *** ****** ********** ** ***** and the effects vary across a range of contextual factors, including country of origin. [emphasis added]
** ******** ** ***** **** *******, the ******* **** ***** **** ***** decreased ** ************* **% ** ***** areas ******** *** **** *************, ****** particularly **** **** *** ********** **** statistically *********** ********** ** ***** ** three—the **, **, *** ***** *****—** the **** ***** *********.
Skepticism ** *******
**** ********** **** ********** ** *** results ** *********** ********* ******* ****** studies *** ********* *** ****** ** determined ** ***** ******* **** *********** for ******** ** *****.
***** ** * *** ***** **** uses ****** ******* ******** ******* **** *** ** impact ** ***** (** **** ***** of *.*), ******* ***** (** **** ratio **** *.*) ** ********* ***** (an **** ***** ***** *.*). ***** Korea ********* *** ******** ***** ********* followed ** *** ** *** *** US:
*** ***** ***** ******* ***** **** crime ******* ~**% *** ***** **** CCTV, ******, ** *** ******* ** this *****, *** ******* ****** ** studies ********* ******** ********.
***, ****** *** **, ****** **** into ***** **********, *** ********** ****** no ****** ** ******* ***** *** US ***** ************ *** * ***** weak ******** ****** ** ******** ******* crime.
** ******, ******* **** ** *** product ** ***** ************ ** ***** environmental ******* ** *** *****.
New ********** ****** ** ******* ****** ** ****
** ******** ** *** ****** *** systems ********, ******** ***** ********* **** the ******* ** ******** ********, *********, or ******** ****** ** ******** *********** in ****-**** *** ****** ** ******* the ************* ** **** ******* ** reducing *****.
** ***** ********** ** ******** ************ to ****, *** ******* ***** ***** ********** ********** "******* ********* ********** (***), computer ****** ********** (***), *** ****** recognition ** ******** ************ ****** ** become ******* ********** **** **** ** the ****** *****."
*********** ***** ************ *** **** ******* passive, **** *** ******** ** **** systems ********* ** ******* ** ***** monitors **** ********* *** *** ******** in ***** *** *** ****** ******* to ** ********.
Monitoring ********* *******
*** ******* **** ***** **** **** implementations ********* ****** ********** (*.*. ********* monitoring ** ***** ********* ***** * video **** ** ******* ****, *** example) "********* ****** ****** *****" **** passively ********* **** *******.
Country-Specific *****
***** *****: ***** *** ******* ***** **** "CCTV ******* ** ***** ***** **** also ********** **** ************* *********** ********** in *****" (*. **), **** ******* caution ** ************ ***** *******, ****** that, ****** *** ** *** ** (34 *** ** *******, ************), ***** meta-analysis **** ******** ***** ******* **** South ***** (*. *).
**: *** ******* ***** **** **** schemes ********* ** *** ** *********** statistically *********** ********** ** ***** (*. 12), ************ ****** ****, ******** ** the **, ** ******* ******** ** the ****-******** ***** **** ******** ************* significant ********** ** **** ** ******** crime, ******* *****, *** ******* ***** (p. *).
**: *** ******* ***** **** **** was ********** **** *********** ********** ** crime ** *** **, * ******* contrary ** *** ******* ****. ****'* **** **-******** *****(*. **). *******, ****** *** **, the ** ******* ****** ** ***** significance **** *********** ** *** **** commonly ******** ***** **********, *.*. ******* crime, ******** *****, *** ******* ***** (p. **).
Limitation: ******* *********** ** ** **** **** *****
******* *** **** **** ** ** the ** ******* ** *** ****-******** used **** **** *** ** (**** than *** ***** *******, ********* *** US), *** ******* **** **** ** new ** ******* **** ********* ** the *****, ****** *** **** ****** UK **** **+ ***** *** ** of ****.
*** **** **** **** **% ** the ****-********'* **** ** **** * single ******* *** ** **** **** 12 ***** *** ***** *********** ***********, particularly ***** **** **** ***** ******* applied **** *** *************. **** ** acknowledged ** *** *******, *** **** that:
[*]* ** **** ******** **** **** countries ******* **** **** *** **** of ************ ***** **** ******** ** the ** [** *** ****'*] ***** less ******** *******.
Limitation: ******* ** ****
***** ************ ********** ******* *******, ************ comparisons ** ********** **** ** ******** as **** **** ********* **** *** commonly ********* *****. ******, **** ***** effectively ******* ** ********** **** *** 2000 - ****, **** ***** ************ was ************* **** ******** **** ** is *****.
******** *** ***** ******* **** *** increase ** ********** ** **** ******* over *** **** ** ***** *** the "*******" ************* ************ ***** *** 1978 ***** *** *********, *** ***** cannot ****** *** **** **** ********* new ***** ************ ********** **.
Limitation: ***** ******* *** ******** ** *******
*** **** ** *** **** *********—***** Korea, *****, *********, ******, *** ******—*** meta-analysis **** ******** ***** ** ***** studies *** *******.
***** ********* *******, *** ****-******** **** includes **** **** ***** ** *** 27 ** ****** ****** *** ** missing ******* **** ********* ********* ** the ****/******* ****** **** ** *** Zealand *** *********. ***** ********** *********, key *******/********* **** ** ******, *****, Europe ******* *** ** (**** *** exception ** ******), *****, *** ****** East, *** ****** *** ****** **** the ****-********. ** ****, ** ****** not ** ******* **** **** ************* that **** ****** *********** ** * UK/US-focused ******* ***** ** ** ********* in *** ********** *****, ***** ****** authorities ***** **** *** ********* ****** to ******* **** **** ***** ************* practices, **** ** ****** ********** *** rapid ****** *************.
Using **** ***** ** *********
** ******* **** ***** ************ ********* will **** ** *** **** ***** in ********* ** ** ******* ******** the **** ** ***** ***** ************. And, ***** ** ******* **** ********* surveillance ********** **** **** ****** *****, we **** ******* ** ************* *** practical *********** ** *** **** ******* are **** *** *** *********** ** firmly ******* *** ***** *****-******** ***** of ***** ************.
*********** *******. * ****** *** ******* video ************ ** **** **** ********* than **** *** ******** ************?
********, *** ******.
* **** **** ****** ** ****** stupid ** *** ******* **** ******** on ******* **** **** **** *****. That’s **** ******** **** ********.
* ******* **** ******** * *****, well ****** *** ******* ******* ***** make ******* ******** * ********* ********. That ***** ******* ** * *********, but *** ***** *** ***** ****?
** *** ** *** ***, *** does *** ******* ****** ** **** cameras ****** ****? * ***’* ******* that *** ***** **** *******.
**, “* *******” ****** **** **** from **** **** **** “*******” ********** of *** ****** *****.
"*********** *******. * ****** *** ******* video ************ ** **** **** ********* than **** *** ******** ************?"
**** "*******" ***** ************ ** ****** effective ** *** ****** ** "***********" a ***** *** * ****** ****** potential ** ********** ************ *** *********** of *** ********, ****** **** **** of ******* **********.
*****'* *** **** **** ***, *** I'm **** ********** ** *** ***** researchers ******** *** ********** ******* *** their ******* ** ******** ********* "**********" of ***** *** ** ***** ********* from ********* ************. ** ***** *****, how *** **** ******** ****'** *** flipping *** ********* (*.*., **** ************ leads ** ********* ** *****, ****** than * ********* ** ***** ***** to **** ************)?
************, *** ** *** ********* ** a **** ** ********** ** ******* and ******* *****. **************, ******* ***** is ****** ** *********** ** ******* or **** - *** ****** *** someone ** ** ******** ************* *** not ****** * ******* *** ******* they *** ******* ******. * ******* crime (********** ****** ********** *****) ** so ****, ******* ***** ******** * don't *** ************ ****** **** ** effect.
**(************** *** ************ ************, ******** ******** opportunity, *** **** ** ********* *********** or ******* **** ****** ***** **********, off *** *** ** ** ****)
* ******* ***** (********** ****** ********** theft) ** ** ****, ******* ***** measures * ***'* *** ************ ****** much ** ******.
****** *** *** *******. ***************. **** ** ***** *** *** research *** ***** **** *** ***** are ***** **** ********* **** ** its ********* *****-******** *******, ********** *** in **** ** *** ******** ****** of * ******* ***, ****** ** easy ** ****** *** **** *** rest ** *** ***** *** ******* with ************ *******.
**** ****, ***** * ******** ************ system ** ******* *** ***** ** cars ****** ***** *** ****** ** a ********* ****.
****** **** *****. ***********, * **** definitely **** *********** ********* ** *** theft (*** ***** ******) ** ********* parking **** / ******* ******* **** more *** ****** ************. (** *** point **** *'** ***** ** ***** shifting ********** ** ***** **** *** of *******' **** ** ** **** parking *******.)
"**. **** ** ***** *** *** research *** ***** **** *** ***** are ***** **** ********* **** ** its ********* *****-******** *******, ********** *** in **** ** *** ******** ****** of * ******* ***, ****** ** easy ** ****** *** **** *** rest ** *** ***** *** ******* with ************ *******"
*** **********; *********. ******* ******* *** other ********* ** *** **** ******** or ********* ** ******** ********* *** to ********* **** ** ***** ********, caught, "**** ****", **** ** ****** route. **** ** **** *** **** Thieves ****** ** ***** ********* ** homes, ******* "*******". ******* *** ******* and **** **** ***** **** ***, look *** *** **** ***.
**, ***** ********* ** **% *** to *** *** ** **** *** another **% *** ** ************ ** concealed ***** ** ***** *** ******* field ****** ***** ********** **** * net ********* ** ***** ** **%...
*******, **** ********** ** *** ******* under ***** **** ******, ** ** the ****** ******** “***** *******” ?
***** *** ***** ****** ********** ****** is ********* ******* ** **, ** best, * ***** ******** ** **** of ***** *********** ************, **** *** rather ****** **% ********* ** ***** overall ***** *** **** ** * marketing **** ** **********************?
** ***** **** ** ****** ** try ** ***** ** *** ********** criminal ********* ***** ** * ****** NOT ** ****** ****** ******* **** similarly *************** ********** ** ******* ********* in *** **** ******?
*******, **** *.*./**** ******** ********* *** moving **** ********** ********, *** **** this ****** ****** *** ******, ***** the ********* ********** ** *************-********** ******* is, *** ****** *** ****, ** delayed ********, **** *** ****** ************ of ******* *****?
****-***********-***********-*********
**** ********** ** *** ******* ***** study **** ******, ** ** *** common ******** “***** *******” ?
**** ****-**** ******* ** ***** ******* is*************. ***** *****, * ** ***** it ****** ** *********** ********. ***** I ***'* ***** ****** ***** ******** do ****, *** ***** ******* *********** placebos?
***** * ***'* ***** ****** ***** actually ** ****, *** ***** ******* essentially ********?
* ***** **** ****** *** ******** to ****** ** ***** ** ***** cameras, *** ** *** ******* *********** between ********* ********* *** ********** ********* is *** ******* ** ****** *********** and ********* *****.
**** ** ********* **** **. **** explicitly ********* **** ** *****:
[*]**** **** ** ******** *** * country **** ****** **** ****'* ***** completely ** ***, **my ****** ** *** * ****** ****** ** ********** *** **********, ********* **** ** * ******.
*** ** *** ******** ******, *** example, ************ ******** *********** ********* **** ***** *** **** ****** half ** *****á'* ************ ******* **** non-operational.
** ***, ****** ******'* *** ***** cameras, *** **** *** *** ** able ** ****** ** ***********/******* ******** cameras ** * ****** ******, ******* those **** ***** ******* ** ****** of *******.
**'* ** ** *********** ***** ** two **** ******, **** ******* ************ and ***** ******** ** *** *********, were *** ** **** *******: *** with **** ******* *** *** ***** with ***** ****. *** ****** ***** be ************.
*’** ******* *** ** *** ******** team *** ** ******** ***** ******* on **** **** *** ****’* ********* of ***** ********.
**** ****, ***** ** ******** *************, I **** ** **** ** **** they ***** ***.
** *** **** ***** ** ***** comments, *** ******** ***** ********* ***** of ******* ** *** **** ****. It *** ***** ** **** ***** as **** ** ** **. ****’* 2019 ******** **** **** ************* **** best **** ******* **** ****** ********** and ***** ****** *************. **** ***** cameras, ***** ** ** ****** ********** or ***** ****** *************, **** **** are ******** ** ** ** **** use.
* ***** *** **** *********** ***** would ** ****** (*) ***** ******* compared ** ** *******, ** (**) a *****-*** ********** ** ********** *******, dummy *******, *** ** *******.
***** *** ****** **** **** ******** large ***** ***** ******** *******, *** example, *** **** **** ** *******. The ******** ****** ******** *** ******** to *** *** * ***** ******* on *** "****" ******* ******** ** Bangkok, *** *****.
******* ******** **** ** ***** **** behind ***** ****** ************
*** ****/**** ** **** **** **** strategy *** ******* *** ******* ** the ********* ******** ***** *** ***** that *** ********** ** *** ******.
************* ******* ** ******** ******* ********
***** ******* *** ***** ** ****** as ***** ****. *** ** * number ** ****** ******** ** ****** crime ********** ***** ** **** ******** is **** ** ******* (** **********) people ***** "*******" ** *** ******* dopey "******-****-****" ****** ***** *********. *** CCTV ******* *** *** * ********* when ** ** ******** "****", (**** they *** "****" ***, *****?) ** capture *** ****** **** ******* ********** for *** *** ***** ******** ***** to ******* ** * **** **** of *************. **** **** ******* ** capture ******** ********** ***** ***********. ** best, *** ****, **********, **** ********* can ** ***** ******** ******** ** assist ** *********** ***** *******.
***** ******* *** ***** ** ****** as ***** ****.
***,***** ******* **** **** ******.
** ***** ******* ******** ** ******* a ********** ******, ** ***** *** became **** **********, * ***** ******* the ****** ***** ******** ** **** tipping *****. (*.*., ** ** ****** common ********* **** **** ** ******* were ***** *******, ****** ***** **** believing **** **** **** ****.)
"*** ********** ******** ************ ****CCTV ************ ** associated **** *********** *** ****** ********** ** *****"
**, ** ** *** ** ** too ******** ** *** ******** (********** my ********* **** *** *** **** behind *** *******...*****...); "***" ** ** that *** ********** ******** ************ **** CCTV ************ ***** "***********" ***** ** the **** **** "******" ********** ** crime(a **************)? ** ** *********** ** is ** ******? ** ** ** somehow ****, **************, ****** *******. ***** there ** ********** ******** ** ************ as ******* ** *** "****" ** crime ***** **** ****** ******** ** relating ** *** "********" ** ******?
**** **** *** ********* **** ******** that ****** ** ******** ******* ** fail ** *********** ** **** *****?
* ***** ** ********** ****** ** time ******* *** **-******* **** ******* only ** ****** ** *** ********** that *** ***** *** ** *** not ** ** *** **** *****. Today ** *** ** *** *** rain.
* ******* **** **** **'* "************* significant" ******* **** ***** ** ****** the **********, *** *** ** ****.
"***" ** ** **** *** ********** evidence ************ **** **** ************ ***** "significant" ***** ** *** **** **** "modest" ********** ** *****(* **************)?
** ********* ** #*, *** ****** of *** ***********' ****-******** *** ************* significant *** ****** ** *** *****.
***** ***** ** ********** ******** ** significance ** ******* ** *** "****" of ***** ***** **** ****** ******** as ******** ** *** "********" ** crimes?
** *** **, **** *** *********** categorized *** **** **** *******, *******, and ******** *****, ***** *** ** significance, *.*. *** ******** ** ********** evidence ** ************.
**** **** *** ********* **** ******** that ****** ** ******** ******* ** fail ** *********** ** **** *****?
* ***** **** ****:
- ** ******* = ******* ** ******* a ******* ****
- * ******* = ****** ******* ** crime **** (*.*. ********** ** ** data, < ** ******, ***.)
- * ******* = *** ********* ******** but *** *** ******* ********* ****
- * ***** = ***** *** ** obtained
** ** *********** ** ** ** modest? ** ** ** ******* ****, simultaneously, ****** *******.
**’********* ***********.
**** ***'* ***** ****** ** ******* the ******* *** * ********* ****** to ****** *** ***** ****, ** if *** ****** ******* **** **** was ********* ** *** ************ ** criminals *** **** **** ** ****** present ** ****** ******. ** ****.
** *** ****** ******* **** **** was ********* ** *** ************ ** criminals *** **** **** ** ****** present ** ****** ******
**** ***** **** ******* ** ***** deterrence ** ******* ** * ***** resolution ****.
* **** ********* **** **** **. Piza, *** ** **** *****’* *******, who ********* **** *** ******* ******* researching **** ** **** ****** *********** collect **** ** ******* *** ********* of ***** *** ** *** *** arrests ** ***********.
** ***** ** ***** ****, *** arrest ***** **** ** ** **** to * ***** **** (* ************ problem ***** **** **** ******* *** made *** *** ******* ** ************ released ******* ***** *******) *** **** case ***** **** ** ** ******** through ** *** *******. ** *** US, **** ***** ******* ******** ********, more ******** ** *** ******** ***, and ********** **** ******** ******* **** is ********** ****** *** **** *********.
*** **** **** ***** **** ** be ******** ******* ** *** *******.
*** **** ** ********** *** ************* if *** ******** ** ******* ***** is ******* ******* *** ******** ** “no ****** *******”.
* **********, ** *********** *********, ****.
*** * **** ** **** ****. Thanks *** *** ******.
*** **** ****** **** **** " - ** ***** **** **** ************ cameras" ** ********* **** ******** *** or ******* *** ******* **** '******* Reduce *****'?
******* ****** ***** **** ********* ****** rain.
**** **** ******* ****** *** *********** in ********** ** ********** ** ***** - *** * ***** ************, ***** kinds ** '***********' ******* ***/**** ********* on **********. *.*. **** ***** ******* used ** ******* ** ******** *** month, *** *** ***** *** ******* are ** *** ***** ******* ** now ********* **** ** ********/**.
* **** **** ***** ************* *******
Cameras ****** ***** **%! (in that train station)
*******, * **** **** - *** I **** ** *** ** ******.
**** *****'* *** ** **** ** draw *** **** ** ************* ***** conclusions ***** ** *** **** **** is ********* ** **, ** ******* to **. ****.
******* ****** ***** **** ********* ****** rain.
** ******** **** ** ******** ***** there **** ** ********** *****?
"** ******** **** ** ******** ***** there **** ** ********** *****?"
**, *** * ***** *** ** umbrella *******
** ****** ** **** ******* ** other *******, ****** *** **** ****. Change ** *** ******* *** ** the **********. ****** ******** ******, ******* is *** *** ***** ***** *** reported. ***** ************** ************ **** ****** lightening . * ** *** ***** the ***** (* **** *** **** all ** **) ******** *** *** possible ******* **** *** ****** *****. Throwing *** **** *** ******* *** get *** ** *** *** ** may **** *** **** *** *** something **** ***** **** ****** **** rainstorm.
** *** ****. ** *********** *** Risk ********** **'* **** ********* ** get ******* ***** ** ******** ******** while ******* ***** ******* ** ***** (data) ** **'* ******** ** ***** deterrent. *** ***** ******* **** **** roles *** ***** *** *** *******, hotspots ** ***** **** ******* **** long ******** ******** ******** **** *** can *** ** * ********** ***** when ******** *** ******** ******** ******* crime.
**** ***** ** * **** *** to ***** ** ****** ** ******** in *** *******.
**** ********* *** *********.
*** ** ****'* ****** ******* *** sure!Thanks ****.
**** ** ** **** ***** ** what *** **** ****** **** *** believe?