** **** ******, ** cover *** ***** ******** needed ** ******* *** right *********** *********** ***** time, *********:
- *** **. *** ********** Formats
- *** *** **. **.** MHz ***********
- ******** *****
- ******** *****
- **** **/****** *******
- *** ****** **. ******
- **** *******
Credentials ********
***** ***** ********** ******* exist, *** **** ****** choice ** **** '***********' types. ****** **% ** systems *** *********** ***** or **** ***** ** unpowered ******* **** *** excited *** **** **** brought ***** ** * reader ****. **** '******** power' ******* ** ************** ****** ********. *** ******* ** demonstrated *************** ** ************ *********:
** ***** *** ******* principle ** **** ** our ********* ******* ********, ******* *** ****** itself ***** * ***** collected ** *** ****, eventually ******** ****** ** a ****** **** *********** powers * ******** **** transfer ******* *** ***. The ***** ***** ******* typical ******** ********** ** the ****, ***** *** wire ******* ******** ******, the ********* ****** **, and **** **** ********** ICC **** (**********) **** back ******* *** ******* to *** ******:
** *******, *** *********** credentials **** **** *** but *** ***** ********** like ********* *********, **** of ********** ****, **********, and ****** ** *** data ******* **** ** the *****. ** *** sections **** ******, ** examine ***** ********** ** depth.
Contactless *********** ********* ** ******
*** ** *** ******* differences ** *********** *********** is *** ****** ** the **** ** ********, typically ********** ** *** manufacturer. ******* ** *****-******** of *********** *********** *** ******* ********* ** ******** ** *** ****** *** *** *************.
*** ********
***** *** ****** ***** migrating **** **** '*********' credentials ** *** ***** 1990's, HID ****** ****** *********** **** its *** *** "****" *********. *** **** of **** *****, *** *** ****** the **** ****** ******** market ********** ********, *** OEM ** ******** *** access ****** ********* *****, Honeywell, *** *******. *** company's ****-***** ******* *******:
- "*********": ** ***** *** *** ******, *** ***** ********* used *** ********* **** in *** *******
- ******: ** *** ****** specific **.** *** '*********'
*** ** *** **** common ****** *** *********** in *** **. ******* of ********** ****** *****, HID ** **** ** license *** *** ** its ********** ******* ** a ******* ** ********** and ****** *************. **** when ********* ******* '*** 14443 *********' *********, *** strictly ******* "**** *" standards (** **** "*" - ********* ** **** detail *****).
*** ********
******** ******** *************, ******-***** *** ****** a ****** ** '***********' credential ********** **** ** a ****** ** ******* - ********, *******, *** industrial. **** ********** ******** of *** ********* ** credential **************, *** ****** a ******* ** ***** built ** ****, *********:
- ****** ****: ***'* *** *** ****** ***** ** ***** drafts ** *** *********, but *** ** ****** adopted ** ***'* "*********" lines
- ******/*******: ** *** *********-***** NXP '*********' ******, **** operating ** **.** *** The '*******' ******* *** introduced ** *** ***** 2000s ** *********** *** format **** '****** *******' credentials. ******* *********** ******* stronger ********** **** ******** higher ********** *****. *** 'Classic' ****** **** ***** scrutiny *** ***** ********** ** snoop *******, *** ******* countered **** ******. ******* these ************ **** **** only ** ***********, *** existing ****** ******* ***** still ** ****, *** new ****** ****** ***** as '******/*******'.
****** ***, ***'* ********** formats *** '*******-****' *** the ********* ********* *** available *** ********** *** for ** ****. *** manufacturers *** *** ***** product ** "**** *" standards. ***'* *********** ** largest ******* *** **, mostly ********** ** *** early (******** ** ~****'*) adoption ** *** ****** formats ****** *** **, but *** *****'* ******* are ***** *** ******* ones **** ** ****** and **** *** ******** access *******.
US ** *** *****
******* ** *** **************'* strength ** **** *** the **** ** *********, MIFARE, *******, *** *** associated *********** *** ******* outside *** **.
*******, *** ******'* ********* markets *** ** *** Americas, ********** ** *** US. ******* *** ********** cost ** ********* ********* credentials *** *******, *** ******* also ******** ******** **** use *** ********** *** formats and *** ***** ** greater *********** ** * result.
125 *** ** **.** ***
*** **********'* ** ********* factors * *** **** in *** ***********. ******* readers *** **** **** credentials ********* ** ******** matching ***********, **** ********* is *** ***** ** consider. ** ** ******* in *** **** ****** ********, ** ********* *** format ** *** *****, credentials *** ****** *** read. *** ***** ***** shows *** ********* ** popular *******:
******* *** ******* ********** between *** *** *** 13.56 *** *********** ** credential ********. ** ** addressed ** ******* **. ****** ****, *** *** ******* do *** ******* ********** and *** ****** ******* or *******. *******, **.** MHz ******* *** ********* (usually *** *** *** or *******) *** ********** data *** **** ** read ** * ****** that ** ************ ***** *** key ** ** **.
Deciphering ********** *****
*** ** *** **** challenging **** *** *********** and *** ***** ***** is ****** *********** ***** credential * ****** ** using. *** ****** ** crowded **** ******** ** options **** ** ********** of ************* *** ***** that *** ****** ** be * ***** ***** card. *** ***** ***** details **** ********* ********** types **** ************ ********* performance *** ******** ***************, yet **** *** **** the **** ** *** untrained ***:
*** *********** *****, *** must **** ***** ********** that *** *** ********* clearly ******* ** ******* labeled ** *** **********:
- ****** ****: **** ********** *** *** how **** **** *** credential *********, ******* ******* by ** *** ******** for ******* *******. *** example ****** ** *** typical ** *** ******, H10304 ** ***'* ******* 37 ***, *** ** on. *** **** *** to ******* *** ****** used ** * **** is ** ****** * box ***** ** ******** cards (*** ***** ***** 'Card ****** *******'), ** use ** ****** ********** (*****'* ******* ******) ** interpret *** *** *********** output ** * ******** format. ** **** ***** are *** *********, *********** the ********** **** **** by ******** *** ****** used ** *** ****** ******* ********** ******** application, ********* ** *** cardholder *** ****** ************* settings.
- ******** ****: **** ********* ** NOT ******* ** *** card ** **** *****. This ***** ** *********** is **** ********* ***** on *** ****** *** can ** ******* ***** the **** ****** *********** for ****** ****. ** certain *****, ****** ******* must ** ********** ** accept ******** ******** ***** and **** ***-*** ******* may ***** ********** ***** to *** ******** ******. Without ******* **** ****, credentials *** *** **** to ****.
- **** **/****** ****** (***/***): ** **** *****, the ** ****** ** embossed ** ******* ** the ****. **** ****** is *** '****** **' that **** * **** to * ******** *****. While ********** ******* *** not ** *****, ********* numbers ***, *** *** same **** ** *** Facility ***** ********** ****** be ****** ***** ** the **** ******. *** image ***** *****
*************, *** ***** *****/***** Number *********** ******* ** the **** ** ***** not **** ** *** access ****** ** *** and ** **** ******* to ****** ** *********** the ****** ** *** card ** ******* ** a ******** ***********, *** user, ** ******.
** **** *****, * card ****** ** *********** will '****' ** ******* card *** * ***, but **** ****** ***** may **** ******* ******** days.
*****, *** *** *** cards currently ** ********** ** often *** ********, ******* way ** ****** *** three ****** ** **** information, ** *** * reordering **** ******, ** shown *****:
The ***/*** ***** ********
**** ****** ********* ***'* ****** **** ***'* ****** *********, and ** *** *** ambiguous ************** ** ** ISO ********, **** ***** 'look' *** **** ** most *******. *******, ******* early ******** ** *** standard **** **** *** differentiation, *** *** *** designed ***** '*********' ********* with * ********* ********** structure.
*** *** ****** ** both ******** ** ********** claim '*** ***** **********', *** *** *** entirely ***************. ** ********* this **********, *** ******* 14443 ** ******* ***** '* ***/** *' ** ********* the *** *********. *** default, ***** ****** ****** of ***** ** ******** in **** * & B *****, *** *** encoded **** ** *** card ** ********** ******* the *** ******* *** original ******** **** **** for ************** *********.
** *******, ******* ***** is ** ********* **** in ***** '**** *' standards, **** ***-****, ***-** target ******, *** *** reader ******** ***** ****. However, ******* ******** ************ in *** ** ** from ******* **** * broader ****** ****** ******* use '**** *' ********** common ** ***.
*** *******, **** **** reader ******** *****-*, *** not *****-*, ******* ** practical ***** ** **** not ******* ***'* **.** MHz ****** *******, *** does ******* ***'* **.** MHz ******/******* *******:
** ********, *** ****** readers ******* **** '*' and '*' ***** **** the ***-*** ******** '***' such **** ****** **** of *********** **** **** with ***** *******:
13.56 *** ********* ****************
***** *** '**** * & *' ******** ** ISO ***** ********* ******* from ***** *** ****, it **** *** ****** mean **** *** ******** with **** *****. ******** of *** ***** *** the **** ** **** parts, ********* *** '**** Serial ******'. *** **** access *******, **** ** the ****** ****** **** identifies ****** *****, *** because **** ****** ** not *******, ** **** register ** '*** ********' readers:
- ***/*** ******: *********** *** ****'* ****** identifier ** ******** ******* it ** *** ****** in *** **** '*********' media. **** ****** *** platforms *** **** **** number ** ****** * user, *** ******* *** the ******** ******** ** assign ******, *********, *** privileges.
- ******* ****/*****: *******, *** **** ******** of ******* ****** *** card ** ********* *** unreadable ****** ********* ******* are ****. ********** *** access ******* ***** *** credential ****** *** ******* (**: *****, ***** *******) and *** *****-****** ************** (**: **********) **** ******** deployments, *** ****** *** is *** **********.
The *** ********
** ***** ** ********, not *** ********** ******* are *********. *** '**** Serial ******' (******* ** ISO *********) *** **.** MHz ***** *** ***** be **** ********** ** underlying ******, ********** ******, or **********. *** *** may ** ****** ** a ****** ** ** the ******, *** *** full **** *** ** the ********** **** *** be *********.
*** ******* ******* **** only * *** ***** and * ******* ** fewer ***********, ***** *** CSN ** *** ******* ID ** ****** *** to *** **** ** enrollment ** ***** **** as ****** ***** *******. However, *** ****-******** ***** where ****** ******** ********** is ******** ** ******** or **** *********** *** used *** ******** ********** systems, ***** **** ** identify ****** *********** ** often *** ********. ******, the ****'* ********* **** is ******** *******.
Form ******
********** ****** *** *** just ******* ** ***** or ****. ** ** cover ** *** ****** ********** **** ****** Tutorial, *** **** *** method ** ******* * credential *** ******* ********, tokens, ****-***** *****, ** even *******.
*** **** ****** ** the ********** ***** ** an ********* ************* ** overall ********** *** ******* life. *** *******, ***** a ***** *** **** may ** ***** ** print ** ** ***** on *** **** **** a *******, ** *** easily ** **** ** broken ** * ***** environment. * *** ***, while ********** *** ******** a ******* **, ** designed ** ** ******* enough ** ********* *****, harsh *********** *********, *** even ********** ** *****.
*** ***** **** ****** choice ****** ** ******** by *** **** *** *** user's ***********, *** *********, all ***** ********** ***** have ******** **** ****** options ** ****.
System ******
** ***** ** ****** systems, ********** *********/******* ****** most ****** ******. ****** selection **** ******** *** credential ******, *** *** subsequent ****** ** **** must ***** **** **** choice. ** ***** ** 'Access ********** ********' *********, this ****** **** *** generally ******, ******* *** reader ****** ********** ********** communication. ** **** ** the ******** ** ********** with *** ******, *** credential ****** ** * marginal ******, *** **** specify ********** ***** ***** on ********* *** **** of ******** ****** **** technology **********.
*******, **** **** ******** is ****, ******* *** costly ******* **** ********* require *********** ** *********** or ****** *******. ******** from *** ****** ** the ***** *** **** thousands *** ******* *** users, ** ******* *** uncommon.
Contactless credentials are the most common component used in an access control system and while many look alike externally, important differences exist.
Comments (17)
Bryan Buenaventura
10/29/18 04:20pm
What about the huge vulnerability brought on by manufacturers that build 100's/1000's of batches of cards that share the same facility code and then sequentially number them?
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/major-physical-security-vulnerability-standard-bryan-buenaventura/
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Paul Govero
I'll ask for forgiveness in advance for any stupid questions as I am new to the access control hardware. My company specializes in PIDs products and my higher security customers that I visit to work on our systems use a 2 layer approach. Most use a contactless card combined with biometric hand scanners or something similar.
Do any of you with more experience than I see the industry heading toward a multilayer approach, say card readers and facial rec. for example as a more common set up?
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Jerome Ellis
Hello Brian
I am very new to access control so all the details are very interesting based in Trinidad and Tobago so in general we would be behind the USA and Europe in widespread access control adoption.
I came across the Keri NXT-3R reader used by a large local integrator this states "Encrypted Data Between Reader and Card or Tag" looking at the card that our distributor offered NXT-I "125 KHz excitation / 62.5 KHz return" so I guess this is an enhanced proximity card...Something interesting is also that the reader has " ability to read HID 125 KHz credentials"...
Regards
Jerome
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Ng Choy Mei
Just wonder how would I recycle the cards. Many times, they are printed wrongly on the outer surface...
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Charng Haw Guo
Clear introductions
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Charng Haw Guo
Simple and clear introduction. Great!!
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John Price
I'm new to Access Control, but from what I gathered, Part A is basically used outside of the US because of licensing and industry standards in the US. It seemed as if part A could be less secure than Part B, does that mean that part A credentials are easier to copy or manipulate than Part B? If so, than that would mean that the United States would have a higher level of security within its standards.
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