Contactless Access Credentials Guide

** **** ******, ** cover *** ***** ******** needed ** ******* *** right *********** *********** ***** time, *********:

• *** **. *** ********** Formats
• *** *** **. **.** MHz ***********
• ******** *****
• ******** *****
• **** **/****** *******
• *** ****** **. ******
• **** *******

Credentials ********

***** ***** ********** ******* exist, *** **** ****** choice ** **** '***********' types. ****** **% ** systems *** *********** ***** or **** ***** ** unpowered ******* **** *** excited *** **** **** brought ***** ** * reader ****. **** '******** power' ******* ** ************** ****** ********. *** ******* ** demonstrated *************** ** ************ *********:

** ***** *** ******* principle ** **** ** our ********* ******* ********, ******* *** ****** itself ***** * ***** collected ** *** ****, eventually ******** ****** ** a ****** **** *********** powers * ******** **** transfer ******* *** ***. The ***** ***** ******* typical ******** ********** ** the ****, ***** *** wire ******* ******** ******, the ********* ****** **, and **** **** ********** ICC **** (**********) **** back ******* *** ******* to *** ******:

** *******, *** *********** credentials **** **** *** but *** ***** ********** like ********* *********, **** of ********** ****, **********, and ****** ** *** data ******* **** ** the *****. ** *** sections **** ******, ** examine ***** ********** ** depth.

Contactless *********** ********* ** ******

*** ** *** ******* differences ** *********** *********** is *** ****** ** the **** ** ********, typically ********** ** *** manufacturer. ******* ** *****-******** of *********** *********** *** ******* ********* ** ******** ** *** ****** *** *** *************.

*** ********

***** *** ****** ***** migrating **** **** '*********' credentials ** *** ***** 1990's, HID ****** ****** *********** **** its *** *** "****" *********. *** **** of **** *****, *** *** ****** the **** ****** ******** market ********** ********, *** OEM ** ******** *** access ****** ********* *****, Honeywell, *** *******. *** company's ****-***** ******* *******:

• "*********": ** ***** *** *** ******, *** ***** ********* used *** ********* **** in *** *******
• ******: ** *** ****** specific **.** *** '*********'

*** ** *** **** common ****** *** *********** in *** **. ******* of ********** ****** *****, HID ** **** ** license *** *** ** its ********** ******* ** a ******* ** ********** and ****** *************. **** when ********* ******* '*** 14443 *********' *********, *** strictly ******* "**** *" standards (** **** "*" - ********* ** **** detail *****).

*** ********

******** ******** *************, ******-***** *** ****** a ****** ** '***********' credential ********** **** ** a ****** ** ******* - ********, *******, *** industrial. **** ********** ******** of *** ********* ** credential **************, *** ****** a ******* ** ***** built ** ****, *********:

• ****** ****: ***'* *** *** ****** ***** ** ***** drafts ** *** *********, but *** ** ****** adopted ** ***'* "*********" lines
• ******/*******: ** *** *********-***** NXP '*********' ******, **** operating ** **.** *** The '*******' ******* *** introduced ** *** ***** 2000s ** *********** *** format **** '****** *******' credentials. ******* *********** ******* stronger ********** **** ******** higher ********** *****. *** 'Classic' ****** **** ***** scrutiny *** ***** ********** ** snoop *******, *** ******* countered **** ******. ******* these ************ **** **** only ** ***********, *** existing ****** ******* ***** still ** ****, *** new ****** ****** ***** as '******/*******'.

****** ***, ***'* ********** formats *** '*******-****' *** the ********* ********* *** available *** ********** *** for ** ****. *** manufacturers *** *** ***** product ** "**** *" standards. ***'* *********** ** largest ******* *** **, mostly ********** ** *** early (******** ** ~****'*) adoption ** *** ****** formats ****** *** **, but *** *****'* ******* are ***** *** ******* ones **** ** ****** and **** *** ******** access *******.

US ** *** *****

******* ** *** **************'* strength ** **** *** the **** ** *********, MIFARE, *******, *** *** associated *********** *** ******* outside *** **.

*******, *** ******'* ********* markets *** ** *** Americas, ********** ** *** US. ******* *** ********** cost ** ********* ********* credentials *** *******, *** ******* also ******** ******** **** use *** ********** *** formats and *** ***** ** greater *********** ** * result.

125 *** ** **.** ***

*** **********'* ** ********* factors * *** **** in *** ***********. ******* readers *** **** **** credentials ********* ** ******** matching ***********, **** ********* is *** ***** ** consider. ** ** ******* in *** **** ****** ********, ** ********* *** format ** *** *****, credentials *** ****** *** read. *** ***** ***** shows *** ********* ** popular *******:

******* *** ******* ********** between *** *** *** 13.56 *** *********** ** credential ********. ** ** addressed ** ******* **. ****** ****, *** *** ******* do *** ******* ********** and *** ****** ******* or *******. *******, **.** MHz ******* *** ********* (usually *** *** *** or *******) *** ********** data *** **** ** read ** * ****** that ** ************ ***** *** key ** ** **.

Deciphering ********** *****

*** ** *** **** challenging **** *** *********** and *** ***** ***** is ****** *********** ***** credential * ****** ** using. *** ****** ** crowded **** ******** ** options **** ** ********** of ************* *** ***** that *** ****** ** be * ***** ***** card. *** ***** ***** details **** ********* ********** types **** ************ ********* performance *** ******** ***************, yet **** *** **** the **** ** *** untrained ***:

*** *********** *****, *** must **** ***** ********** that *** *** ********* clearly ******* ** ******* labeled ** *** **********:

• ****** ****: **** ********** *** *** how **** **** *** credential *********, ******* ******* by ** *** ******** for ******* *******. *** example ****** ** *** typical ** *** ******, H10304 ** ***'* ******* 37 ***, *** ** on. *** **** *** to ******* *** ****** used ** * **** is ** ****** * box ***** ** ******** cards (*** ***** ***** 'Card ****** *******'), ** use ** ****** ********** (*****'* ******* ******) ** interpret *** *** *********** output ** * ******** format. ** **** ***** are *** *********, *********** the ********** **** **** by ******** *** ****** used ** *** ****** ******* ********** ******** application, ********* ** *** cardholder *** ****** ************* settings.
• ******** ****: **** ********* ** NOT ******* ** *** card ** **** *****. This ***** ** *********** is **** ********* ***** on *** ****** *** can ** ******* ***** the **** ****** *********** for ****** ****. ** certain *****, ****** ******* must ** ********** ** accept ******** ******** ***** and **** ***-*** ******* may ***** ********** ***** to *** ******** ******. Without ******* **** ****, credentials *** *** **** to ****.
• **** **/****** ****** (***/***): ** **** *****, the ** ****** ** embossed ** ******* ** the ****. **** ****** is *** '****** **' that **** * **** to * ******** *****. While ********** ******* *** not ** *****, ********* numbers ***, *** *** same **** ** *** Facility ***** ********** ****** be ****** ***** ** the **** ******. *** image ***** ***** 

*************, *** ***** *****/***** Number *********** ******* ** the **** ** ***** not **** ** *** access ****** ** *** and ** **** ******* to ****** ** *********** the ****** ** *** card ** ******* ** a ******** ***********, *** user, ** ******.

** **** *****, * card ****** ** *********** will '****' ** ******* card *** * ***, but **** ****** ***** may **** ******* ******** days.

*****, *** *** *** cards currently ** ********** ** often *** ********, ******* way ** ****** *** three ****** ** **** information, ** *** * reordering **** ******, ** shown *****:

The ***/*** ***** ********

**** ****** ********* ***'* ****** **** ***'* ****** *********, and ** *** *** ambiguous ************** ** ** ISO ********, **** ***** 'look' *** **** ** most *******. *******, ******* early ******** ** *** standard **** **** *** differentiation, *** *** *** designed ***** '*********' ********* with * ********* ********** structure.

*** *** ****** ** both ******** ** ********** claim '*** ***** **********', *** *** *** entirely ***************. ** ********* this **********, *** ******* 14443 ** ******* ***** '* ***/** *' ** ********* the *** *********. *** default, ***** ****** ****** of ***** ** ******** in **** * & B *****, *** *** encoded **** ** *** card ** ********** ******* the *** ******* *** original ******** **** **** for ************** *********.

** *******, ******* ***** is ** ********* **** in ***** '**** *' standards, **** ***-****, ***-** target ******, *** *** reader ******** ***** ****. However, ******* ******** ************ in *** ** ** from ******* **** * broader ****** ****** ******* use '**** *' ********** common ** ***.

*** *******, **** **** reader ******** *****-*, *** not *****-*, ******* ** practical ***** ** **** not ******* ***'* **.** MHz ****** *******, *** does ******* ***'* **.** MHz ******/******* *******:

** ********, *** ****** readers ******* **** '*' and '*' ***** **** the ***-*** ******** '***' such **** ****** **** of *********** **** **** with ***** *******:

13.56 *** ********* ****************

***** *** '**** * & *' ******** ** ISO ***** ********* ******* from ***** *** ****, it **** *** ****** mean **** *** ******** with **** *****. ******** of *** ***** *** the **** ** **** parts, ********* *** '**** Serial ******'. *** **** access *******, **** ** the ****** ****** **** identifies ****** *****, *** because **** ****** ** not *******, ** **** register ** '*** ********' readers:

• ***/*** ******: *********** *** ****'* ****** identifier ** ******** ******* it ** *** ****** in *** **** '*********' media. **** ****** *** platforms *** **** **** number ** ****** * user, *** ******* *** the ******** ******** ** assign ******, *********, *** privileges.
• ******* ****/*****: *******, *** **** ******** of ******* ****** *** card ** ********* *** unreadable ****** ********* ******* are ****. ********** *** access ******* ***** *** credential ****** *** ******* (**: *****, ***** *******) and *** *****-****** ************** (**: **********) **** ******** deployments, *** ****** *** is *** **********.

The *** ********

** ***** ** ********, not *** ********** ******* are *********. *** '**** Serial ******' (******* ** ISO *********) *** **.** MHz ***** *** ***** be **** ********** ** underlying ******, ********** ******, or **********. *** *** may ** ****** ** a ****** ** ** the ******, *** *** full **** *** ** the ********** **** *** be *********.

*** ******* ******* **** only * *** ***** and * ******* ** fewer ***********, ***** *** CSN ** *** ******* ID ** ****** *** to *** **** ** enrollment ** ***** **** as ****** ***** *******. However, *** ****-******** ***** where ****** ******** ********** is ******** ** ******** or **** *********** *** used *** ******** ********** systems, ***** **** ** identify ****** *********** ** often *** ********. ******, the ****'* ********* **** is ******** *******.

Form ******

********** ****** *** *** just ******* ** ***** or ****. ** ** cover ** *** ****** ********** **** ****** Tutorial, *** **** *** method ** ******* * credential *** ******* ********, tokens, ****-***** *****, ** even *******.

*** **** ****** ** the ********** ***** ** an ********* ************* ** overall ********** *** ******* life. *** *******, ***** a ***** *** **** may ** ***** ** print ** ** ***** on *** **** **** a *******, ** *** easily ** **** ** broken ** * ***** environment. * *** ***, while ********** *** ******** a ******* **, ** designed ** ** ******* enough ** ********* *****, harsh *********** *********, *** even ********** ** *****.

*** ***** **** ****** choice ****** ** ******** by *** **** *** *** user's ***********, *** *********, all ***** ********** ***** have ******** **** ****** options ** ****.

System ******

** ***** ** ****** systems, ********** *********/******* ****** most ****** ******. ****** selection **** ******** *** credential ******, *** *** subsequent ****** ** **** must ***** **** **** choice. ** ***** ** 'Access ********** ********' *********, this ****** **** *** generally ******, ******* *** reader ****** ********** ********** communication. ** **** ** the ******** ** ********** with *** ******, *** credential ****** ** * marginal ******, *** **** specify ********** ***** ***** on ********* *** **** of ******** ****** **** technology **********.

*******, **** **** ******** is ****, ******* *** costly ******* **** ********* require *********** ** *********** or ****** *******. ******** from *** ****** ** the ***** *** **** thousands *** ******* *** users, ** ******* *** uncommon.